Ch. 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat

A

nitrogen

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2
Q

what dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body

A

the dna inside the nucleus of the cell

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3
Q

what is not part of an amino acid molecule

A

a fatty acid group

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4
Q

what part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids

A

side chain

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5
Q

the part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the

A

amine group

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6
Q

in phenylketonuria PKU what amino acid becomes conditionally essential

A

tyrosine

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7
Q

polypeptides are a string of ___ amino acids

A

more than 10

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8
Q

a proteins ___ structure refers to the twisting spiral shaped formed by the sequence and chemical properties of its amino acid

A

secondary

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9
Q

a complete protein ___

A

contains all 9 essential amino acids

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10
Q

the process of transferring the amine group form one amino acid to another s called ___

A

transamination

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11
Q

two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. what is the by-product of this process

A

water

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12
Q

what food would be a source of a complete protein

A

chicken

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13
Q

egg whites stiffen when they are whipped. the change that occurs in the protein is called ___

A

denaturation

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14
Q

in what structure of the mammalian cell are proteins synthesized

A

ribosome

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15
Q

how do proteins differ from carbohydrates and fats

A

proteins contain nitrogen

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16
Q

the process through which mRNA copies genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribosome is called

A

transcription

17
Q

which of the following is the most complete protein from a plant source.

A

soybeans

18
Q

of the 20 amino acids relevant to the human body, how many are considered nonessential

A

11

19
Q

a ___ is a body protein that is stored in a gland and secreted to an organ to restore normal body conditions or balance

A

hormone

20
Q

in the body, buffers are very important in ___

A

maintaining acid-base balance in the body

21
Q

what is not a major function of protein in the body

A

providing energy to the body

22
Q

what protein is fundamental to the immune system

A

antibodies

23
Q

proteases are

A

enzymes that break down protein in the small intestine

24
Q

conduction of nerve signals and contraction of muscles depends on the propper balance of ___

A

electrolytes

25
Q

significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the ___

A

stomach

26
Q

the process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called___

A

mutual supplementation

27
Q

who would be most likely to be in positive nitrogen balance

A

a 29 yo woman that is 6 months pregnatn

28
Q

to conserve body protein for its vital functions and not use it to provide energy, you should ___

A

eat adequate amounts of carbohydrate and fat to conserve protein for other functions

29
Q

what is not typically a nutrient of concern for vegans

A

vitamin c

30
Q

the type of vegetarian who eats vegetables, grains, fruits, eggs, and milk but excludes all other types of animal protein is called a ___

A

lacto-ovo vegetarian

31
Q

the type of proten energy malnutiriton characterized by a general lack of protein in the diet is called ___

A

kwashiorkor

32
Q

during the process of protein synthesis, ___ is the steop in whcih messenger rna is decoded into an amino acid sequence at the cells ribosome

A

translation

33
Q

the absorption of proteins occures in the ___

A

small intestine

34
Q

an acid-base imbalance can result in ___

A

coma and death

35
Q

what health problem is not associated with high protein intakes

A

sickle cell anemia

36
Q

what supplement would you recommend to a vegan

A

vitamin b12

37
Q

well planned vegetarian diets can reduce the risk of most chronic diseases except

A

anemia

38
Q

what is not associated with kwashiorkor

A

flat belly and abdomen

39
Q

vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ___

A

antioxidants