Signalling Molecule Targets

Question 1

What are the 4 signalling molecule targets?

Answer 1

Receptors, Ion Channels, Transporters and Enzymes

Question 2

What are the 4 types of receptors?

Answer 2

Kinase Linked, Ligand Gated Ion Channels, Nuclear/Intracellular and G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Question 3

How do Kinase Linked receptors work?

Answer 3

Where the binding of an extracellular molecule causes the phosphorylation of a substrate inside the cell which sets up a cascade of signalling

Question 4

How do ligand Gated Ion Channels work?

Answer 4

The Channels open for the duration of time which the ligand binds to the receptor

Question 5

What is another name for ligand Gated Ion Channels?

Answer 5

Ionotropic receptors

Question 6

What are Nuclear/Intracellular receptors

Answer 6

When a lipid soluble ligand binds to receptor inside the cell and the complex move to the nucleus (if not already there) and binds the gene transcription factor therefore activating or deactivating a set of genes

Question 7

What do Ion Channels do?

Answer 7

Allow for a selective flow of an Ion current down its electrochemical gradient

Question 8

What type of Ion channel is primarily dependant on change of electric density?

Answer 8

Voltage Gated Ion Channels

Question 9

What can facilitate or inhibit activity of Ion Channels?

Answer 9

Phosphorylation of the intracellular sites in the Channels

Question 10

What do transport proteins do?

Answer 10

Transport ions and small molecules (can be via facilitated diffusion if there is a gradient but may require ATP)

Question 11

Where are transporters/carriers used importantly?

Answer 11

GI Tract