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Physiology > Haemodynamics 1 > Flashcards

Haemodynamics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flow through the circulatory system may be either series or

A

parallel

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2
Q

where does blood flow from the left ventricle to

A

the aorta

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3
Q

the aorta supplies which circuit

A

systemic

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4
Q

the vena cava pumps blood into which part of the heart

A

the right atrium

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5
Q

blood goes from the right ventricle to which blood vessel

A

the pulmonary artery

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6
Q

the pulmonary artery supplies which circuit

A

the pulmonary circuit

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7
Q

the pulmonary veins supply which part of the heart

A

the left atrium

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8
Q

which side of the heart supplies the systemic circuit

A

left

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9
Q

which side of the heart supplies the pulmonary circuit

A

right

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10
Q

blood flow within circuits is parallel, what does this mean?

A

that blood goes from the aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

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11
Q

what is the functional significant of blood flow within the series circuit being parallel? - 2 points

A
  1. ensures each capillary bed receives oxygenated blood

2. allows independent regulation of blood flow to organs

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12
Q

what percentage of the cardiac output is delivered to the kidneys at rest?

A

20%

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13
Q

volume of fluid that moves past a given point per unit time is dependant upon…

A

the change in pressure over resistance

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14
Q

blood moves from a

A

high pressure to a low pressure

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15
Q

flow is ____ proportional to resistance

A

inversely

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16
Q

The greater the pressure gradient the ____ the flow

A

faster

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17
Q

is the pressure gradient or the absolute pressure more important in relation to flow

A

the pressure gradient

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18
Q

list four factors that affect the resistance to flow

A

length of tube, viscosity of fluid and the radius

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19
Q

which of these four is the most significant in terms of resistance to flow: length of vessel, radius of vessel, viscosity of fluid, pressure gradient

A

radius of vessel

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20
Q

describe vasoconstriction in terms of radius and resistance

A

decrease in radius

increase in resistance

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21
Q

describe vasodilation in terms of radius and resistance

A

increase in radius

decrease in resistance

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22
Q

the greater the length of a vessel the ____ the resistance

A

greater

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23
Q

an increased viscosity increases the resistance. what does blood viscosity depend on

A

the amount of red blood cells and proteins

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24
Q

according to poiseuille’s equation flow is directly proportional to which two factors

A

pressure gradient and radius

25
Q

according to poiseuille’s equation flow is inversely proportional to which two factors

A

the length of the vessel and viscosity of fluid

26
Q

why must pressure exist throughout the circulatory system

A

to maintain blood flow

27
Q

what is the pressure in the aorta

A

90mmHg

28
Q

what is the pressure in the vena cava

A

0mmHg

29
Q

what is the pressure gradient in the pulmonary arteries

A

15mmHg

30
Q

what is the pressure gradient in the pulmonary veins

A

0mmHg

31
Q

which circuit has less resistance, the pulmonary circuit or the systemic circuit

A

the pulmonary circuit

32
Q

the pulmonary vascular resistance is ____ than the total peripheral resistance

A

less

33
Q

describe the pulmonary circuit in terms of pressure gradient and resistance

A

low pressure gradient and low resistance

34
Q

describe the systemic circuit in terms of pressure gradient and resistance

A

high pressure gradient and high resistance

35
Q

what makes up the microcirculation

A

the arterioles, capillaries and venules

36
Q

what is the innermost layer of blood vessels called

A

the tunica intima

37
Q

what is the tunica intima made of

A

endothelial lining - simple squamous epithelium

38
Q

what is the tunica media made of

A

smooth muscle encircles the vessel

39
Q

what is the outermost layer of the blood vessels made of

A

tunica adventitia

40
Q

what is the tunica adventitia made of

A

primarily connective tissue fibres and nerves+nutrient capillaries

41
Q

where is the internal elastic lamina found

A

between the tunica intima and the tunica media

42
Q

where is the external elastic lamina found

A

between the tunica media and the tunica adventitia

43
Q

all blood vessels do not have three walls, which ones lack one or more layer

A

arterioles, capillaries and venules

44
Q

describe arteries with three points

A

rapid transport pathway, large diameter, elastic recoil and thick walls

45
Q

what happens to arteries during systole

A

the arteries expand as blood enters

46
Q

what happens to the arteries during diastole

A

they recoil

47
Q

what is the point of arteries recoiling during diastole

A

maintain driving force for blood flow whilst the heart is relaxing

48
Q

what is compliance

A

how easy / hard it is to stretch something - measure of how pressure of a vessel will change with change in volume

49
Q

do arteries have a low or high compliance

A

low

50
Q

because arteries have a low compliance, a small increase in blood volume creates a ____ in pressure

A

large increase

51
Q

because veins have a high compliance meaning they are easy to stretch a _____ in blood volume is required to produce an increase in prssure

A

large increase

52
Q

describe venous and arterial compliance at low pressures

A

at low pressures venous compliance is 10-20times greater than arterial compliance

53
Q

describe venous and arterial compliance at high pressures

A

arterial and venous compliance are similar

54
Q

what is systolic pressure

A

the max pressure when the heart is contracting de to ejection of blood into the aorta

55
Q

what is diastolic pressure

A

min pressure when the heart is relaxing, not zero due to elastic recoil property of arteries

56
Q

what is the pulse pressure

A

the force that the heart generates every time it contracts

57
Q

what is the formula for pulse pressure

A

the systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure

58
Q

what is the mean arterial pressure

A

the average driving pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

59
Q

what is the equation for the mean arterial pressure

A

mean arterial pressure = diastolic arterial pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Physiology (8 decks)

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