Liver and Aorta

Question 1

What part of the stomach does the lesser omentum attach to?

Answer 1

the body of the stomach (specifically the lesser curvature)

Question 2

What part of the stomach sits directly under the left aspect of the diaphragm?

Answer 2

fundus

Question 3

What part of the stomach directly communicates with the esophagus?

Answer 3

cardia

Question 4

Review the following structures and understand their positioning in the stomach

Answer 4

Greater Curvature 
Lesser Curvature 
Cardia
Cardiac Notch Fundus
Body
Angular Notch
Pyloric Antrum
Pyloric Canal (Pylorus)
Pyloric Sphincter

Question 5

The round ligament of the liver is the remnant of what pre-natal structure?

Answer 5

umbilical vein

Question 6

The round ligament of the liver is aka?

Answer 6

ligamentum teres

Question 7

What ligament contains the round ligament of the liver?

Answer 7

falciform ligament. At the superior aspect of the liver, the falciform ligament splits into left and right coronary ligaments which continue onto the superior surface of the liver

Question 8

The coronary ligament attaches the liver to what?

Answer 8

diaphragm

Question 9

Is the bare area of the liver found on the left or right lobe?

Answer 9

right

Question 10

The transpyloric plane goes through which parts of the stomach?

Answer 10

pyloric canal and sphincter, and the body of the stomach. NOT the cardia or fundus

Question 11

T or F. The spleen can be found mostly between the 9th and 11th ribs, medial to the midaxillary line

Answer 11

F. It can be found between the 9th and 11th ribs lateral to the medullary line

Question 12

What part of the colon does the spleen sit on?

Answer 12

left colic flexure (aka the the splenic flexure)

Question 13

What three facets make up the visceral surface of the spleen?

Answer 13

gastric, colic, and renal

Question 14

Just lateral to the spleen is what recess?

Answer 14

costodiaphragmatic

Question 15

What did the falciform ligament form from?

Answer 15

the ventral mesogastrium

Question 16

What divides the liver into left and right lobes?

Answer 16

falciform ligament

Question 17

The lower free margin of the falciform ligament contains what?

Answer 17

ligamentum teres

Question 18

Does a normal liver extend inferior to the costal margin?

Answer 18

No. The lower margin of the liver is at the inferior costal margin

Question 19

The fundus of the gall bladder sits at the level of what surface anatomy structure?

Answer 19

transpyloric plane (L1-L2)

Question 20

Is the fossa for the ligament venosum medial or lateral to the IVC?

Answer 20

medial

Question 21

What structures does the the porta hepatis of the liver contain?

Answer 21

the structures of the portal triad

Question 22

What does the portal triad consist of?

Answer 22

the portal vein, which brings blood to the liver, the (proper) hepatic artery, which is bringing oxygenated blood to the liver, and the hepatic duct, which is the route of liver secretions (bile) to the gall bladder and duodenum.

Question 23

What structure sits superior to the gallbladder in the liver?

Answer 23

IVC

Question 24

The quadrate lobe of the liver sits between which structures of the H of the liver?

Answer 24

gallbladder and ligamentum teres

Question 25

What drains blood from the liver? To what?

Answer 25

the right and left hepatic veins to the IVC

Question 26

The falciform ligament splits to become what?

Answer 26

the left and right coronary ligaments

Question 27

T or F. The inferior coronary ligaments on each side become the R and L triangular ligaments

Answer 27

F. The SUPERIOR coronary ligaments on each side become the R and L triangular ligaments

Question 28

The gap between the superior and inferior parts of the right coronary ligament is called what?

Answer 28

the hepatic bare area

Question 29

What is the only part of the liver not covered by visceral peritoneum?

Answer 29

the hepatic bare area

Question 30

What is the clinical significance of the hepatic bare area?

Answer 30

It is important clinically because here lymphatic emissaries (vessels) pass unhindered between abdominal cavity and thorax. This provides a route for the spread of cancer from liver to lungs or from lungs to liver.

Question 31

The junction of the right and left hepatic ducts forms what?

Answer 31

Common hepatic duct

Question 32

The junction of the Common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms what?

Answer 32

Common bile duct

Question 33

just as it is entering the duodenum, the common bile duct is joined by what?

Answer 33

the pancreatic duct.

Question 34

What happens to the common bile duct in between meals?

Answer 34

It becomes constricted and bile flows from the liver to be stored in the gall bladder. Local hormonal circuits are stimulated by the arrival of fats in the stomach which leads to the constriction of the common hepatic duct and expulsion of bile fluid from the gall bladder into the common bile duct into the duodenum.

Question 35

Where does the celiac trunk branch from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 35

L1

Question 36

What does the celiac trunk branch into?

Answer 36

left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery.

Question 37

What are the main branches of the splenic artery?

Answer 37

1) short gastric artery

2) left gastroepiploic artery (to greater curvature)

Question 38

What are the main branches of the left gastric artery?

Answer 38

1) branch to lower 1/3 of esophagus

2) continuation of the left gastric to the lesser curvature

Question 39

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 39

1) gastroduodenal artery

2) continuation as the proper hepatic artery

Question 40

What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

Answer 40

1) anterior super pancreaticodoudenal artery

2) right gastricepiploic artery

Question 41

What are the branches of the proper hepatic artery?

Answer 41

1) right gastric artery