Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are the three groups of chordates?
Lancelets- no backbone or well developed head
Tunicate- “
Vertebrates. Has a backbone, well developed head and skull of cartilidge and bone
Identify and describe body parts of a chordates
Hollow nerve cord - runs along the back and is full of fluid
Noto chord - a stiff but flexible rod that gives the body support
Pharyngeal pouch - develop into gills or other body parts as embryo matures
Tail - some chordates only have a tail in the embryo stage
Endotherms
An animal that can use body heat from chemical reaction in the body cells to maintain a constant body temperature
Ectotherms
An organism that needs sources of heat outside itself
What are the characteristics of fish?
Fins, scales and strong muscles
Brain, sensitive vision, hearing and smell and lateral line system
Gills and reproduction
Define the two types of fish reproduction
External fertilization - the female lays unfertilized eggs in the water and the male drops the sperm on them
Internal fertilization - the male deposits the sperm inside the female. Usually the female then lays fertilized eggs that have embryo inside
Name and explain the three classes of fish
Jawless fish - they don’t have jaws, smooth slimey skin,mound jawless mouth and have a notochord but no backbone. They do not need jaws to eat. Example: Hagfish and Lampreys
Cartilaginous fish - fully functional jaws, constantly move, store a lot of oil in the liver. Expert predators. Ex: sharks skates and rays
Boney fish - skeleton made of bone, boney scales, have a swim bladder. The scales lesson the friction of the fish in the water. Ex: lung fish, masked butterfly fish and pikes
Name the two groups of boney fish and their characteristics
Ray-fin fish - paired fins supported by thin ray’s of bone
Lobe- fin fish - fins that are muscular and thick
What are amphibians?
Animal that can live in water and has lungs and legs
Define lung
A respiratory organ in which oxygen from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood. Also is a sach like organ.
What are characteristics of amphibians ?
Thin, smooth and moist skin. Absorbs water.
They go thru metamorphosis
What are the stages of amphibian metamorphosis?
Fertilized egg
Tadpole with gills
Tadpole with legs
Adult frog with lungs
What are the types of amphibian?
Caecilians - thin moist skin, no legs, have bony scales
Salamanders - don’t developed as tadpole, long tail, 4 strong legs
Frogs &‘toads - strong legs for jumping, highly adapted to life on land. Well developed ears
What is a vocal sach?
A thin walled sach of skin that surrounds the vocal chords of a frog
Why are amphibians known as ecological indicators?
Because they are very sensitive to changes in the environment.
Unhealthy amphibian is usually sign of changes in an Environment
