Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Listening Behaviors > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

Is all persuasion deliberate?

A

Absolutely not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is persuasion?

A

Refers to all communication that either unintentionally or intentionally influences your choices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is in charge of persuading you?

A

All persuasion is self-persuasion. You persuade yourself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Attitude Change Theory

A

Existing attitudes and beliefs influence your behavior. So, you are persuaded to act only to the extent that communicators influence your underlying attitudes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 5 key components of the attitude change theory?

A

Necessitates 5 things; 1) getting your attention 2) ensuring your understanding of the message 3) convincing you to accept the message 4) ensuring that you remember the message 5) describing the action you should take as the result of the encounter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consistency Theory

A

Change your beliefs so that they are compatible with other information - with your existing schema. Persuaders intentionally use cognitive dissonance to persuade you to change your mind about an existing belief.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Under what conditions do you experience inconsistency?

A

When you like the speaker but disagree with the speaker’s ideas.
When you dislike the speaker but agree with their ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Under what conditions do you experience inconsistency?

A

When you like the speaker but disagree with the speaker’s ideas.
When you dislike the speaker but agree with their ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Social judgement theories

A

The notion that you develop attitudes and learn how to behave as a result of your interactions with people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does one express social judgement?

A

Often through rewards and punishments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Latitude of non-commitment

A

area where you are particularly vulnerable to persuasive efforts because you have no opinion on the topic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are we as open-minded as we think we are?

A

Absolutely not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are schemas always good?

A

NO. Sometimes they can prevent you from searching for more current or complete information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do effective listeners do well?

A

Recognize limitations of their own knowledge and listen to others with the understanding the they opinions may be altered as a result.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the principles of critical thinking?

A

1) There’s always more to know.
2) Me ready to modify your position
3) Consider differences as well as similarities
4) Recognize self-fulfilling prophecies
5) Use indexing tools to focus on individuals rather than categories
6) Date you information and constantly reassess the situation
7) There’s a lot of gray between black and white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Speaker credibility

A

Judge on character and competence. They are perceived as trustworthy, dynamic, and have expertise in their subject area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SC: Trust

A

established with nonverbal communication, and appearance. This is where actions and words align to produce effective communication and partnership.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SC: Charisma

A

Individuals who have presence, an intangible manner about them that others find attractive, are more persuasive than their peers. This can be created through vocal variety, powerful range, facial cues, and strong eye contact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SC: Expertise

A 
Credibility is built using:
An impactful message. 
An effective introduction
Perceived similarity to the listener
Females are less credible than males
You can loose credibility over the speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Initial credibility

A

refers to the way a speaker is perceived before the communication begins. If you have a lot of prior information about the speaker, that information can be a very powerful factor in shaping your perceptions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Derived credibility

A

is determined by the degree of perceived trustworthiness and expertise the speaker generates during the communication event. The assistant teacher has no control over initial credibility, but can control how she presents herself in the immediate speech situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does one derive credibility?

A

references to personal experiences
citing reliable sources
effective delivery (pitch, gestures, appearances, fluency)
Knowledge o the audience or listener.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rational approach

A

Using evidence and reasoning to persuade someone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fact

A

can be verified; potentially, everyone can agree on a matter of fact. Facts do not take the place of true understanding, and it skilled communication to interpret them accurately and use them wisely.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Opinions

A

Are subject to continuing modification. Sound opinions are based on careful examination and evaluation of the facts at hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inference

A

are not obtained by direct observation or description. n inference is a “good guess.” You can form an inference to complete a piece of lacking information. Facts aren’t always available, so inferences are sometimes required to get things done.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

moves from specifics to a conclusion. By surveying a group and forming a statement based on result, you are using inductive reasoning. Going from specific answers to a broad conclusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

process of applying a concluding or generalization to an individual case. Going from concussions to specifics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Begging the question (fallacy)

A

when a question is begged, the speaker never really proves the point she is trying to make. The individual argues in a circle, using one unsupported proposition to “prove” another. No assertion is substantiated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hasty generalization (fallacy)

A

Occur when a communicator does not have enough support for the conclusion she draws. When someone goes to dinner at three different places, doesn’t like any of them, and says ever restaurant in the whole city sucks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Either-or (fallacy)

A

At times a person feels so strongly about an issue that he begins to look at the situation as black and white. Either a particular proposal is adopted entirely, or it’s dropped.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Post hoc, ergo proper hoc (fallacy)

A

In this fallacy, the speaker reasons that because one event followed another, there must be a cause-effect relationship. Superstitions belong here. It is “false cause.” People often look for easy answers to explain unpleasant circumstances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Name calling (propaganda)

A

In name-calling, the speaker gives a person or an idea a negative label without providing any evidence to prove the assertion. Make sure the speaker presents an argument after calling someone a “jerk.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Card stacking (propaganda)

A

method in which the speaker, instead of presenting all of the important evidence, tells you only those facts that support the point she is trying to make.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The bandwagon (propaganda)

A

the speaker tries to convince you to “jump on the bandwagon” by telling you that everyone else is doing something – whether it is purchasing a particular computer or drinking a certain beverage.

36
Q

Glittering generalities (propaganda)

A

word so vague that everyone agrees on its appropriateness and value - but no one is really sure just what it means.

37
Q

Testimonial (propaganda)

A

when a communicator presents the opinion of some well-known person to support his view, the strategy is called a testimonial. Often, the particular individual, although famous, is not qualified to judge, or speak on the idea he advocates.

38
Q

Doublespeak (propaganda)

A

When you hear that a communicator is using doublespeak, it means that she is trying not to communicate clearly and accurately. It is likely that she is concealing the truth and deliberately misleading or distracting you.

39
Q

Assertive response

A

Straightforward, honest, and objective. Ideas, opinions, and beliefs are expressed clearly and directly.

40
Q

Do assertive communicators listen?

A

YESSS. The assertive person focuses on solving the problem and not “winning” the conflict at the expense of her partner.

41
Q

Broken record

A

Not taking no for an answer, and continually stating your argument even after the listener took some time to figure it out.

42
Q

Negatie inquiry

A

can cause you to feel trapped and frustrated. This can cause aggression, negative actions, raised voices. You gain nothing from such behaviors.

43
Q

Fogging

A

Requires that you listen to the person’s opinions or judgments without reacting defensively. It is used when you immediately realize what the other person is saying is true.

44
Q

Supportive Responses

A

Meant to encourage open, non evaluative interaction.

45
Q

I vs. You Repsonse

A

Instead of saying, “You’re never around when I need you,” you could say “I feel frustrated because yesterday, when I needed your help, I couldn’t find you.

46
Q

nonverbal components of an assertive response

A 
Eye contact
Body posture
gestures
facial expressions
voice
timing
47
Q

Intimate distance

A

from physical contact to 18 inches. looking at a paper with a classmate. Standing in line. Sharing a message in confidence (standing).

48
Q

Personal Distance

A

12 inches to 2 feet. just outside the personal bubble. the coaching interview, talking with a friend before going to class.

49
Q

Social distance

A

4 to 12 feet where emotional topics aren’t usually discussed. the employment interview. Discussions across a conference table or desk.

50
Q

Public Distance

A

12 feet or more. topics are more general and use broader gestures, speak at a higher volume, and work harder to maintain a direct rapport with the group. shouting across a parking lot. Making a presentation. At this distance, you have to work harder to interpret meanings.

51
Q

What is distance in communication affected by?

A

Age, gender, subject matter, culture, individual personality traits, physical characteristics, and the emotional relationships between individuals.

52
Q

what is the relationship between time of day and listening skills?

A

Everyone has personal ups and downs during the day. These high and low points affect your ability to listen and the quality of your response. Atmosphere of a group may be very different at 8:00 a.m. vs. 9 p.m.

53
Q

What should be considered in communication settings?

A 
Formality
warmth
privacy
familiarity
constraint
distance
54
Q

What are examples of things that effect the communication setting?

A

The type and style of furniture, the seating arrangements, the colors, music, and the time of day.

55
Q

Listening to teens

A

Same as children I believe.

56
Q

Cliches

A

Hi, how was your day? Daily give-and-take situations for which the verbal interactions serves simply to recognize the other person’s presence.

57
Q

Facts

A

centers around messages about other people, ideas, and events. Does not encourage disclosure and does not facilitate the development of a healthier relationship. Understanding plays a bigger role here than interpreting.

58
Q

Opinions and judgements.

A

Moving toward more open communication. Sprinkled with facts and with opinions about what you think you are discussing. When you demonstrate behavioral empathy, continued sharing is encouraged.

59
Q

Feelings

A

Bring people close together. The acceptance of feelings - through empathic listening - is prerequisite to deeper, more meaningful communication and stronger relationships.

60
Q

When fighting with a spouse, on should…

A

Know that your listening abilities are impaired when you are angry or upset. Postpone discussion until after you have had an opportunity to work off some of the negative feelings that will only block further communication.

61
Q

When listening to a child, one should…

A

Not offer advice. focus on behavior and not the child himself. don’t fake attention. a child’s mood is situations;. Express frequent and unconditional positive regard for the child. Sit down with the child.

62
Q

When listening to a child, one should…

A

Not offer advice. focus on behavior and not the child himself. don’t fake attention. a child’s mood is situations;. Express frequent and unconditional positive regard for the child. Sit down with the child.

63
Q

When listening to a presentation, one should…

A

sit at the from to the room. meet the speaker when you can. analyze credibility and speaker’s purpose. listen intentionally to new an difficult material.

64
Q

How does aging affect memory?

A

Older people don’t remember as well. Concentration is more difficult. Distractions have a stronger impact. Recall takes more time and a greater number of memory cues. Information processing works more slowly as you get older. Memorization strategies become more difficult to use.

65
Q

Are employees satisfied with their managers listening abilities?

A

overall, no.

66
Q

How do highly competitive working environments affect communication?

A

Listening is even more important in these environments because failure to communicate can cost millions of dollars.

67
Q

Same subject response (great)

A

encourages flow of conversation on the topic at hand.

68
Q

Minimal response (good)

A

does not add substance to the conversation, but demonstrates involvement through such reinforcers as head nods and minimal reinforcers such as “uh huh.”

69
Q

Tangential Response (bad)

A

instead of staying with the subject of concern to the speaker, the listener moves the conversation to a related issue.

70
Q

Different response (terrible)

A

rather than demonstrating interest in the speaker’s probe, the listener changes the subject entirely.

71
Q

Why is the communication between patients and physicians challenging?

A

Status and time barriers. Patients think that their physicians don’t care, nor do they have the time, to listen to their sensitivities and smaller issues that they find meaningful.

72
Q

Rumors

A

message that is passed orally from one person to the next without “secure standards of evidence.” They are informal and flow through an organization’s informal communications channels. Rumors are so ambiguous that those who pass them along reconstruct some of the meaning and interpret the vague or ambiguous portions in the way that makes the most sense to them.

73
Q

What are the differences between gender and nonverbal communication?

A

Men display relaxed posture, and tend to take up more physical space. Women use more facial expressions, are more likely to pay attention to nonverbal cues, smile more, and have softer and higher voices.

74
Q

How does gender impact listening abilities?

A

Men and women are conditioned to listen and communicate about different things.

75
Q

Women in speech

A

women use more qualifiers. use tag questions. Speak with an upward infection. Voices are higher and softer. Women wait for a sign of interest before continuing.

76
Q

Men in speech

A

tend to overlay women’s speech. Men tell stories. Men state ideas more directly. Men use profanity more frequently.

77
Q

Difference between high-context and low-context culture.

A

Depends upon the extent to which cultural norms prompt individuals to be explicit or indirect in their communications.

78
Q

Low context culture

A

Individuals provide a large number of explicit indicators by which to determine meaning.

79
Q

High context cultures

A

members see such elaboration as a waste of time and depend heavily on individual’s shared experiences to interpret cues in a similar fashion.

80
Q

How do cultural differences impact our values?

A

US values personal control, change, action, proactive, informality, and materialism. Non-US culture value fate, tradition and stability, being, space, formality, and spiritualism.

81
Q

Relationship between ethics and listening.

A

Ethical listening means paying complete attention to the other person in order to truly understand their ethical problem and then actively encouraging that person to discuss it with you as they come to a resolution.

82
Q

Patience

A

while patience has always been viewed as virtue, especially with regard to effective listening, social networking privileges brevity and a minimalistic approach.

83
Q

Fidelity

A

the commitments we make to one another suggest that the other person is special. The focus on friend collecting that social networking fosters undermines fidelity by sacrificing quantity for quality.

84
Q

Tolerance

A

tolerance is the willingness to be confronted with a variety of ideas and, on one level, networking sites expose individuals to this marketplace. However, flaming messages and rants characterize conversations with little opportunity for feedback.

85
Q

Perseverance

A

Face-to-face listening forces us to persevere in the exchange even when we would rather avoid a confrontation or when we have become bored with the conversation.

Listening Behaviors (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions