Public Health

Question 1

Which is the most common cancer in women under 35?

Answer 1

Cervical

Question 2

What can cervical screening detect?

Answer 2

Cell changes which may develop to be pre-cancerous in women who otherwise have no symptoms

Question 3

Should a woman with symptoms of cervical cancer have a diagnostic or screening test?

Answer 3

Diagnostic

Question 4

What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

Answer 4

Unusual vaginal discharge/bleeding
Bleeding after sex/between periods
Dyspareunia

Question 5

Describe the cervical cancer screening programme in Scotland

Answer 5

Women aged 20-60yo (now 25-64)
Every 3y until 49yo, then every 5 years after
Speculum exam- visual examination of cervix, brush sample of cells from TZ, liquid based cytology

Question 6

What constitutes low grade cell changes in cervical screening?

Answer 6

Borderline change in squamos cells/endocervical cells and low grade dyskaryosis results

Question 7

What constitutes high grade cell changes in cervical screening?

Answer 7

High grade dyskaryosis, invasive, glandular abnormality and endocervical andenocarcinoma results

Question 8

How is coverage calculated?

Answer 8

Screened population/eligible population x 100%

Question 9

How is uptake calculated?

Answer 9

Screened population/invited population x 100%

Question 10

What is a test of cure in CIN?

Answer 10

HPV testing 6 months after CIN treatment- if normal cells and HPV -ve can return to routine 3y screening

Question 11

What is primary disease prevention?

Answer 11

Stopping a disease before it starts

Question 12

What is secondary disease prevention?

Answer 12

Stopping a disease from being as bad as it could be or preventing recurrence

Question 13

What is tertiary disease prevention?

Answer 13

Stopping later complications from developing

Question 14

What are good targets for disease prevention in O+G?

Answer 14

Reducing teenage pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Obesity
(Breast and cervical cancer)

Question 15

How do you prevent teenage pregnancies?

Answer 15

Contraception
Education
Gender equality

Question 16

What is population attributable risk?

Answer 16

What proportion of this disease is caused by this risk factor?

Question 17

What cancers would be best prevented if everyone in the UK was a healthy weight?

Answer 17

Womb (38%)

Oesophagus (31%)

Question 18

Who gets IVF?

Answer 18

BMI of female partner must be above 18.5 and below 30
Non smokers for >3 months
No illegal and abusive substances
Both partners must bemethadone free for at least one year prior to treatment
Neither partner should drink alcohol
Neither partner to have undergone voluntary sterilisation, even if sterilisation reversal has been self-funded