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MCBG > Gene Expression > Flashcards

Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme do you need to make DNA?

A

DNA polymerase

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2
Q

What activated substrates do you need to make DNA?

A

Deoxynucleotides triphosphates

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3
Q

What template is used to make DNA?

A

DNA

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4
Q

What enzyme is needed to make RNA?

A

RNA polymerase

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5
Q

What activated substrate is needed to make RNA?

A

Ribonucleotides triphosphates

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6
Q

What template is used for making RNA?

A

DNA

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7
Q

What enzyme is needed to make a polypeptide?

A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

What activated substrate is needed to make a polypeptide?

A

Amino acids

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9
Q

What template is needed to make a polypeptide?

A

mRNA

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10
Q

What happens in the initiation stage of transcription?

A

TATA box sets the direction of transcription
Transcription begins at the promoter region as acts as a recognition site for RNA polymerase
DNA helix unwinds and opens

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11
Q

What happens in the elongation stage of transcription?

A

RNA polymerase slides along the template strand
Complementary bases pair up
RNA polymerase link nucleotides from the 3’ end

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12
Q

What happens in the termination stage of transcription?

A

Once the RNA polymerase reaches the end section the mRNA is complete and so dissociates

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13
Q

What is capping in RNA processing?

A

At 5’ end a linage is created which provides protection against degradation

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14
Q

What is polyadenylation in RNA processing?

A

A polyA tail is added at the 3’ end
Protects against degradation
E.g. AAAAAAA

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15
Q

What is splicing in RNA processing?

A

Removal of introns

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16
Q

What is the name for many ribosomes?

A

Polyribosome or polysome

17
Q

How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes ribosomes differ?

A

Eukaryotes ribosomes are bigger

18
Q

What are the different types of RNA?

A

Ribosomal- few kinds, most of RNA 80%
Messenger- 100,000 of kinds, least of RNA 2%
Transfer- 100 kinds, some RNA 15%

19
Q

What are the properties of the genetic code?

A 
4 letter DNA language to 20 letter protein language
Triplet code
Degenerate
Non overlapping 
Comma less
5' to 3' becomes N to C
20
Q

What is a wobble base?

A

A single tRNA species can recognise more than one codon

G and U can bind at the wobble base

21
Q

What happens at the initiation stage of translation?

A

mRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit upstream form start codon
Complementary base pairing occurs between codon and anticodon
Large ribosomal subunit will bind

22
Q

What happens at the elongation stage of translation?

A

tRNA binds to the A site of the ribosome and forms a peptide bond with the amino acid in the P site
The tRNA in the E site will then leave

23
Q

What happens in the termination stage of translation?

A

Stop codon is reached

Release factor binds to the A site at a stop codon and the polypeptide is released

MCBG (19 decks)

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