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AP GOV > Lesson 6 > Flashcards

Lesson 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Final issue on civil liberties

A

Right to privacy: amendments 3 and 4

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2
Q

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

A

Established the “exclusionary rule” for states

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3
Q

Exclusionary rule + what modified it

A

Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court

-plain sight doctrine

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4
Q

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

A

Individuals have the right to privacy in matters of sexuality

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5
Q

Roe v. Wade(1973) + what it is based on

A

Abortion is constitutionally protected

-4th amendment

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6
Q

U.S. v Leon (1984)

A

-Modified Mapp by creating the “good faith” exception to the exclusionary rule
EX: officer has warrant to search first floor of house… Hears water running and goes to turn off downstairs and finds drug operation

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7
Q

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)

A

Upheld 24hr wait period for minors seeking an abortion, struck down “informed spousal consent ,” upheld the basic principles of roe,

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8
Q

What’s the difference between civil liberties and civil rights?

A

The basis for civil rights rests on the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment

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9
Q

Brown v. Board (1954)

A

Declared that “separate but equal” is a “denial of the equal protection of the laws

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10
Q

When was the Equal Protection Clause applied in a forceful way?

A

Even though the incorporation doctrine wasn’t applied until Gitlow(1925), it wasn’t until Brown v. Board that it was forceful

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11
Q

What has the court adopted? What is it?

A

Strict scrutiny test: law that discriminates must fulfill a “compelling government interest” (based on race)

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12
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Prohibited discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and restaurants

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13
Q

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States(1964)

A

Upheld civil rights act of 1964 by invoking the Commerce Clause

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14
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A
  • added protections for the right of black americans to vote
  • added provisions for assistance in the registration process
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15
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1968 +what it helped

A

Made illegal the practice of selling real estate based on race, color, religion, national origin, gender
-helped keep suburbs of america white

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16
Q

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools (1971)

A

Allowed school districts to employ busing as a means of complying with the desegregation mandate or the Brown decision

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17
Q

California Board of Regents v. Bakke(1978)

A
  • racial quotas are unconstitutional. They constitute “reverse discrimination” and violate equal protection
  • universities can use race as one among many factors in admissions
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18
Q

Richmond v. Corson(1989)

A

Led to a set of procedures for judging the legitimacy of affirmative action programs

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19
Q

Procedures for judging affirmative action programs

A

1) is there evidence of past discrimination against racial minorities
2) if yes, the affirmative action program must be “narrowly tailored to break down patterns of past discrimination”

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20
Q

Gratz v. Bollinger(2004)

A

University of Michigan’s affirmative action program unconstitutional. Relied too much on a quota-like system

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21
Q

Grutter v. Bollinger

A

University of Michigan law school’s affirmative action program upheld: it relied on a broad-based method of factoring race into admissions

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22
Q

What did California do in 1996?

A

Passed a law prohibiting the use of race or gender in government hiring practices and public university admissions

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23
Q

What did Michigan do in 2006?

A

Passed a constitutional amendment banning affirmative action in the state’s public universities

24
Q

What are 4 important events for women?

A

1) Seneca Falls Convention
2) 19th Amendment
3) Publication of the Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan
4) Formation of National Organization for Women in 1966

25
Q

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

No gender discrimination in hiring

26
Q

Title IX of the Education Act of 1972

A

No gender discrimination in public education

27
Q

Reed v. Reed (1971)

A

Unconstitutional for states to favor men over women in selecting the executor of an estate

28
Q

Craig v. Boren (1976)

A

Medium scrutiny standard established for gender discrimination

29
Q

Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977)

A

States cannot prevent women from serving as prison guards in all-male prisons

30
Q

UAW v. Johnson (1992)

A

Employers cannot disqualify a woman from a job just because it is a potential er health

31
Q

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.(2007)

A
  • court decided against Ledbetters’ complaint of pay discrimination but….
  • congress took up the case and passed the Lilly Ledbetter Act in 2009.
32
Q

Lilly Ledbetter Act (2009)

A

Allowed women to sue employers for wage discrimination regardless of when the discrimination occurred

33
Q

Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)

A

Upheld a Georgia antisodomy law

34
Q

Romer v. Evans(1992)

A

Figure 6-31 size classes struck down Colorado constitutional amendment forbidding passage of laws protecting homosexuals

35
Q

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)

A
  • upheld boy scouts policy barring homosexuals from the organization
  • boy scouts invoked “freedom of association” clause of 1st amendment
  • opponents invoked cicil rights act of 1964
36
Q

Lawrence v. Texas(2003)

A

Overturned Romer in ruling antisodomy laws unconstitutional

37
Q

United States v. Windsor(2013)

A

Defense of marriage act ruled unconstitutional

38
Q

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

A
  • ruled that states must issue marriage licenses to gat couples in compliance with equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
  • gay marriage made effectively legal in all 50 states
39
Q

1992 president bill clinton

A

Issued executive order establishing the “Dont ask, Dont tell” policy

40
Q

Don’t ask, Don’t tell policy

A

If you weree in the military, dont ask anyone of you are gay, dont tell anyone if you are gay,. If they find out you are gay, you are out

41
Q

1996 Bill Clinton

A

Signed into law the Defense of Marriage Act(DOMA)

42
Q

Defense of Marriage Act

A

Gave states exemption from the “full faith and credit” clause of the constitution in matters of gay marriage

43
Q

Throughout the George W. Bush administration

A

Gay marriage opponents pushed a constitutional amendment prohibiting gay marriage

44
Q

2008 only states that allowed….

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, and California only 3 states that allowed gay marriage

45
Q

2010 Congress

A

Repealed “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”

46
Q

American Association of Retired Persons(AARP)

  • founded
  • what are they
A
  • founded in 1958

- powerful interest group representing the interests of the elderly

47
Q

What is AARP most committed to?

A

preserving social security and medicare

48
Q

What does AARP also guard against?

A

Age discrimination in employment

49
Q

Why don’t politicians cross AARP?

A

Old people vote

50
Q

In 1975…

A

Congress passed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act(IDEA)

51
Q

What practices did IDEA create?

A

1) Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
2) Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)-cant charge extra
3) Least Restrictive Environment(LRE)

52
Q

Least Restrictive Environment

A

School required by law to mainstream as many students as possible

53
Q

In 1990…

A

Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

54
Q

ADA (3)

A
  • applies the civil rights act of 1964 to those with a disability
  • mandates that employers provide “reasonable accommodations” for disabled employees
  • mandates that “public accommodations” provide accessibility to disabled
55
Q

Bureau of Indian Affairs

A

Enforces all legislation pertaining to reservations and other related matters

56
Q

What does the U.S. Government recognize Indian Reservations as ?

A

Semi-sovereign

57
Q

What do civil rights questions often revolve around?

A

The extent of aid owed to native americans

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