Upper Resp PDF

Question 1

functional symptoms and pain complaints referable to the upper respiratory tract could come wholly from

Answer 1

somatic dysfunction of the upper thoracic, cervical, and cranial regions

Question 2

When treating upper resp infections, OMT is employed to

Answer 2

eliminate somatovisceraly activity, thereby modulating the patient’s physiology, which enhances recuperation and augments the efficacy of other required therapies.

Question 3

upper respiratory tract lining

Answer 3

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
interspersed with goblet cells, nonciliated columnar cells withmicrovillae, and basal cells.

Beneath the epithelium lie groups of serous and mucous glands.

Question 4

Secretions do what?

Answer 4

keep the epithelial surface from desiccating, humidify inspired air, and function as a first line of defense against infections.

Outer mucous layer, inner serous layer.

Question 5

Mechanical dysfunction of the cranial base can result in

Answer 5

cranial nerve entrapment. –> functional alteration of the facial and vagus nerves –> affect upper respiratory tract through altered parasympathetic and pharyngeal motor activity.

Question 6

lymphatics from nose, sinuses, and pharynx drain

Answer 6

predominantly to the submandibular and retropharyngeal nodes, through the deep cervical lymphatic vessels, to return to venous circulation.

Question 7

drainage of lymph from the upper respiratory tract may be encumbered by

Answer 7

tension from somatic dysfunction within the precervical muscles and fascia.

can also be impaired when respiratory excursion is reduced by somatic dysfunction affecting the thoracic inlet, thoracic spine, ribs or thoracoabdominal diaphragm.

upper thoracic, upper rib, and clavicular dysfunctions can compromise lymphatic return through the thoracic inlet.

Question 8

degree of intrathoracic pressure gradient may also be affected by

Answer 8

increased cervical lordosis as the result of upper thoracic flexion, or occipitocervical extension.

increased cervical lordosis places traction upon the soft tissues of the anterior neck. –> shift from nasal to mouth breathing –> neg affect on respiratory tract as well as total physiology.

Question 9

mouth breathing –>

Answer 9

decrased thoracic cage movement, with resultant decreased vital capacity, hypoventilation, decreased pulmonary circulation, and a tendency toward the devlopment of respiratory acidosis.

Question 10

sympathetics of upper resp

Answer 10

comes from the upper five (mostly upper 3) segments of the thoracic spinal cord.

Preganglionic fibers synapse in the superior cervical ganglion.

Postganglionic fibers form the carotid plexus.

–> follow the vascular supply or traveerse the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 11

trigeminal nerve

Answer 11

serves as the sensory innervatin of the upper respiratory tract
also carries sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers to the upper respiratory tract

Stimulation in association with cervical and thoracic OMT –> reduced nasal congestion and increased secretions

Question 12

Proposed sequence for the diagnosis of somatic dysfunction and the use of OMT when treating a patient with an upper respiratory infection

Answer 12

Patient seated, diagnose and treat:

1. Upper thoracic dysfunction
2. Upper rib dysfunction
3. Clavicular dysfunction

Patient supine, diagnose adn treat:

1. Cranial dysfunction
2. Cervical dysfunction

Use these procedures:

1. Suboccipital myofascial release
2. Trigeminal nerve procedures
3. Anterior neck soft tissue procedures
4. Thoracic lymphatic pump