560E

Question 1

Waist circumference for a male that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.

a. 30
b. 35
c. 40
d. 45

Answer 1

c. 40

Question 2

Waist circumference for a female that is greater than ____ is considered indicative of increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD.

a. 30
b. 35
c. 40
d. 45

Answer 2

b. 35

Question 3

A waist/hip ratio of less than 1 is ideal.

True/False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

BIA is based on difference in electrolyte content within fatty tissues.

True/false

Answer 4

FALSE….it is based on difference in electrolyte content between fat and fat free tissues

Question 5

The following are ways to assess which disorder?

Hills/valley in hands
Chair Test
DEXA
BIA
Grip test
Creatine excretion

Answer 5

SARCOPENIA

Question 6

Visceral fat is anti-inflammatory.

True/false

Answer 6

FALSE, it’s pro-inflammatory

Question 7

Inflammation is associated with dysmetabolism and vascular conditions.
True/False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Waist circumference and W/H ratio are not CVD event predictors.

True False

Answer 8

FALSE, they are.

Question 9

Dark red urine is like from bleeding in the…..

bladder
urethra
kidneys
liver

Answer 9

kidneys

Question 10

Bright red urine is likely from bleeding due to

kidney disease
bladder infection UTI
stones

Answer 10

UTI

Question 11

Dark yellow urine is usually seen in …

infections
kidney failure
increased levels of urobilinogen or bilirubin

Answer 11

increased levels of urobilinogen or bilirubin

Question 12

Rhubarb can turn urine….., while beets can turn it….

red, brown
green, brown
brown, green
brown, red

Answer 12

brown, red

Question 13

Sweet smell of urine indicates UTI.

T/F

Answer 13

False….indicates ketoacidosis

Question 14

Foul odor of urine indicates UTI

T/F

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Diets high in fruits and vegetables produce urine that is _____.

alkaline
acidic

Answer 15

alkaline

Question 16

Meats produce urine that is more

alkaline
acidic

Answer 16

acidic

Question 17

Protein is a sensitive indicator of kidney functioning.

T/F

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Specific gravity is used to evaluate _____ power of kidneys

pH balancing
excretory
calcitriol producing

Answer 18

excretory

Question 19

Elevated ___ indicates obstruction of bile duct by gallstones.

bilirubin
casts
leukocytes

Answer 19

bilirubin

Question 20

Urobilinogen is bile transformed in bowel by bacteria, some of which is excreted by kidneys.

T/F

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Do crystals indicate likely stone formation?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Cellular (from degenerated cells) and Hyaline (from protein) are types of:

infections
casts
leukocytes
crystals

Answer 22

casts

Question 23

BUN is an indirect measure of renal function and GFR.

T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Which peptide connects the alpha and beta chains of proinsulin?

a-peptide
b-peptide
c-peptide
d-peptide

Answer 24

c-peptide

Question 25

C-peptide accurately reflect islet cell function. and correlates with insulin levels (except in obese patients and insulinomas). T/F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Assessing Insulin Resistance and monitoring diabetes can be done with the following: ``` A1c > 6.5 Fasting blood glucose Glucose tolerance HDL <35 TG >250 CRP >3 All of the above ```

Answer 26

all

Question 27

HDL should be below 35 | T/F

Answer 27

False...this level would be higher risk for CVD. Males should be > 45 and females > 55

Question 28

TGs should be < 160 for men and < 135 for women | T/F

Answer 28

True

Question 29

How many of the following criteria need to be met for MetSyndrome? All, 3, 4 ``` Elevated WC (35 for women, 40 for men) Elevated TGs (>150) Low HDL (<35) High BP (> 130/85) High fasting blood sugar (>100) ```

Answer 29

3 of these are required to determine MetSyn

Question 30

Endothelial dysfunction is a combination of inflammation and oxidative stress. T/F

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Total protein is measured as albumin and globulin. T/F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Lipids are classified by: size volume density shape

Answer 32

density

Question 33

LDL particle size is the least important lipoprotein predictor of CV events. True/False

Answer 33

FALSE...it's the MOST important

Question 34

Ferritin is most sensitive to determine IDA. True/False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Ferritin should be used in conjunction with TIBC and other markers because it can be elevated due to infection/inflammation and liver disease. True/False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is a measurement of all proteins available for binding iron? Protoporphyrin Transferrin TIBC Serum iron

Answer 36

TIBC

Question 37

Which is the largest quantity of iron binding proteins? Protoporphyrins Transferrins Ferritins Ceruloplasmins

Answer 37

Transferrin

Question 38

Serum iron is better for diagnosing iron overload than deficiency. T/F

Answer 38

True

Question 39

PTH regulates blood____ levels. thyroid hormone calcium magnesium phosphorous

Answer 39

Calcium

Question 40

Plasma zinc is not bound by anything T/F

Answer 40

False,...bound by albumin

Question 41

RBC zinc contains 10x less zinc than plasma T/F

Answer 41

False, 10x more

Question 42

Metallothionen regulates which mineral metabolism?

Answer 42

zinc. copper

Question 43

Which mineral affects Delta-6-Desaturase (active in LA to GLA conversion)? Magnesium Zinc Copper Iron

Answer 43

Zinc

Question 44

Copper is necessary for normal iron metabolism and RBC synthesis T/F

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Zinc deficiency can exacerbate IDA t/F

Answer 45

True

Question 46

WBCs could be low due to iron/B12 deficiency, and stress/hormonal issues. T/F

Answer 46

True

Question 47

high platelets COULD indicate iron deficiency True/False

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Low platelets could indicate b12/folate deficiency | true/false

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Changes in cortisol output would be expected with HPA abnormalities. T/F

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Adrenal fatigue is not related to HPA abnormalities. True/False

Answer 50

FALSE

Question 51

AST is specific for liver disease. T/F

Answer 51

False, not by itself...combined with ALT

Question 52

AST/ALT ratio > 1 can indicate liver disease True/False

Answer 52

True

Question 53

TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) is used to measure: RBC health Thyroid antibodies lipid peroxidation products glutathione status

Answer 53

lipid peroxidation products

Question 54

Which would have the least effect on TBARS? B6 CoQ10 Vit C Vit E

Answer 54

B6

Question 55

Functional tests which assess oxidative changes in lipids can assess status of which: Vit A Vit C vit E vit D

Answer 55

Vitamin E

Question 56

Angular stomatitis and cheliosis (dry, cracking, ulcerated lips) are caused by deficiencies of: B6 B2 B3 All

Answer 56

All

Question 57

Atrophic lingual papillae and glossitis have these common deficiencies: B2, B3, B9, B12 B1, B2, B3, B5 B2, b3,B5, B12

Answer 57

B2, B3, B9, B12

Question 58

Glossitis is caused by lack of B2, B3, B9, b12 and... Vit A Vit C Protein B6

Answer 58

B6

Question 59

Atrophic lingual papillae is caused by lack of B2, B3, B9, B12 and ... (2 answers) B6 Protein Iron B1

Answer 59

protein, iron

Question 60

Systolic BP of 120-139 combined with diastolic 80-99 is: Normal Prehypertensive Stage 1 htn stage 2 htn

Answer 60

Pre-HTN

Question 61

BP of 140/90 to 159/99 is: Stage 1 HTN Stage 2

Answer 61

Stage 1 HTN

Question 62

BP > 160/100 is Stage 1 HTN Stage 2 HTN Stage 3 HTN

Answer 62

Stage 2