Quiz 3

Question 1

Cladograms are rooted on

Answer 1

an outgroup

Question 2

In a cladogram, a hypothetical ancestor occurs at each

Answer 2

node

Question 3

Cladistic data consist of

Answer 3

characters

Question 4

A derived character state is called

Answer 4

an apomorphy

Question 5

A derived character state seen in only one species (or exemplar) is called

Answer 5

an autapomorphy

Question 6

A plesiomorphy is a character state that is

Answer 6

ancestral

Question 7

Bird and insect wings are not homologous. Available evidence suggests that these two types of wings evolved by a process called

Answer 7

Convergent evolution

Question 8

Figure 4.19 in your text shows a phylogenetic tree rooted on extant apes (e.g. chimpanzees and bonobos). According to this tree (and the chapter reading), which of the following character states appeared first in hominids (aka hominins)?

Answer 8

upright (bipedal) walking

Question 9

The largest known creature that ever flew was called Quetzalcoatlus northropi (now extinct) with a wingspan of about 35 feet. In contrast to living birds, much of the length of the wing was supported by

Answer 9

a gigantic “ring finger”

Question 10

The Fossa lives on the island of Madagascar, and is part of the mongoose clade. But when first discovered, scientists thought it was a member of the

Answer 10

Cat family