Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > semester 1 final 2016 > Flashcards

semester 1 final 2016 Flashcards

1
Q

How are plants and animals similar?

A

multicellular, eukaryotic, can have both sexual and asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are plants and animals different?

A

Plants are autotrophs, and animals are heterotrophs.
Plants have cell walls, and animals don’t have cell walls.
Animals are usually motile, and plants are not motile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 chordate characteristics?

A

notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the pharyngeal slits become in humans?

A

jaw, throat and ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the pharyngeal slits become in fish?

A

gills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are all vertebrates chordates?

A

yes - notochord becomes backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are all chordates vertebrates?

A

no - There are nonvertebrate chordates like lancelets and tunicates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are there more vertebrates or invertebrates?

A

invertebrates - 95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of negative feedback or feedback inhibition?

A

allows organisms to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What body system allows organisms to transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, wastes…?

A

circulatory or cardiovascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which body system breaks food down into usable form?

A

digestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which body system allows gas exchange?

A

respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which body system allows organisms to get rid of waste?

A

excretory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which body system provides support and protection?

A

skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which body system allows organisms to move by contracting?

A

muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In a changing environment, animals reproduce how?

A

sexually with haploid gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of body symmetry do most animals have where they have a definite head and tail end?

A

bilateral symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a concentration of sensory structures in the head end of an organism is called what

A

cephalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

germ layer that forms skin and nerves

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

germ layer that forms digestive and respiratory structures

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

germ layer that forms muscle, bone, blood, and CT

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What germ layer is the last to form?

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the two groups of animals with radial symmetry.

A

cnidarians - corals, anemones and jellyfish

echinoderms - starfish, urchins, sand dollars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What group of organisms are asymmetrical?

A

poriferans - sponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

animals where the mouth forms first from the blastopore

A

protostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

animals where the mouth forms second, after the anus which forms from the blastopore

A

deuterostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

During what major time period of the geologic time scale did the ancestors of most major phyla (groups) appear?

A

Cambrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the major goals of science?

A

to understand and explain the natural world and to make useful predictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is science different from every other field of study?

A

Science runs experiments to test its ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

information gathered in science

A

data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What kind of data do scientists prefer and why?

A

quantitative because it is a number and should be agreed upon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a suggestion about what you think will happen in an experiment is called what?

A

hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How many variables should be tested in a controlled experiment?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Who are the peers in peer review?

A

anonymous, independent experts, other scientists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is an advantage of publishing results of experiments in peer reviewed journals?

A

It can advance science by helping other scientists come up with ideas to study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

a personal preference or point of view

A

bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a well tested, well supported big idea that explains many observations

A

theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What happens to a theory that explains some observations but not all?

A

It is revised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

the basic unit of length in the metric system

A

meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What particle is found outside the nucleus of atoms?

A

electrons

41
Q

What type of electron is available to form bonds?

A

valence

42
Q

What causes covalent bonds?

A

atoms share electrons

43
Q

What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?

A

positive cation

44
Q

What property of water causes it to stick to the sides of a graduated cylinder and form a meniscus?

A

adhesion - sticky

45
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the?

salt is the?

A

water - solvent

salt - solute

46
Q

substances with a pH above 7
substances with a pH below 7
substances with a pH of 7

A

above 7 - bases
below 7 - acids
7 - neutral

47
Q

substances with more H than OH

A

acids

48
Q

substances with more OH than H

A

bases

49
Q

Why is C so good at forming organic compounds and living organisms?

A

C can form 4 bonds with itself and other chemicals to make many complex structures.

50
Q

Name the 4 major organic compounds. Include their monomer and polymer.

A
  1. carbohydrates - monosaccharides like glucose and polysaccharides
  2. proteins - amino acids and polypeptides
  3. lipids - fatty acids and triglycerides
  4. nucleic acids - nucleotides and polynucleotides
51
Q

According to the Law of Conservation of Matter, what happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?

A

rearranged

52
Q

what goes into a chemical reaction

what comes out of a chemical reaction

A

reactants - go in

products - come out

53
Q

the energy needed to get a reaction started

A

activation energy

54
Q

the factor in an experiment that affects another factor - the one manipulated in the experiment

A

IV - independent

55
Q

the factor being measured in an experiment to determine the effect of the factor being tested
- the responding variable

A

DV - dependent

56
Q

What is the purpose of the group not being tested in an experiment? What is this group called?

A

control - for comparing to the experimental group

57
Q

When only articles about experiments that meet good scientific standards (e.g., acknowledge and build upon other work in the field, rely on logical reasoning and well-designed studies, back up claims with evidence, etc.) are accepted for publication.

A

peer review

58
Q

What happens to organisms that can’t adapt to their environment?

A

go extinct

59
Q

What happens in acid base neutralization reactions?

A

H and OH equal out and a salt and water are formed

60
Q

What do enzymes do to reactions? How?

A

speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

61
Q

What happens to the number of an organism if its predators go up?

A

go down

62
Q

What happens to the number of an organism if its predators go down?

A

go up

63
Q

Only a small amount of the energy stored in food is available to the next organism in a food chain because

A

10% because it is used by the organism or lost as heat

64
Q

What is the abiotic source of most nitrogen?

A

atmosphere

65
Q

Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called

A

decomposers

66
Q

In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer?

A

from the bottom to the top

67
Q

Which organism does NOT require sunlight to start a food chain? Where are they found?

A

chemosynthetic bacteria at hydrothermal vents

68
Q

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

A

energy flows - 1 way

nutrients recycle

69
Q

If a lake receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, which of these would happen first?

A

algal bloom - algae would overproduce

70
Q

Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

A

number of predators

71
Q

no two organisms can occupy the exact same niche at the same time due to

A

competitive exclusion principle

72
Q

living factors

A

biotic

73
Q

nonliving factors

A

abiotic

74
Q

On a rock outcrop that has never been home to living organisms, what is likely to be the first organism to grow there? What are they called?

A

lichen can live on bare rock - pioneer organism

75
Q

What determines the kind of plants that can live in an area?

A

climate

76
Q

What determines the kind of animals that can live in an area?

A

plants

77
Q

What causes the three major climate zones on Earth?

A

unequal heating of the Earth due to different latitudes

78
Q

the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support

A

carrying capacity

79
Q

What type of growth curve shows a healthy population in a stable environment? What shape is that curve?

A

logistic - S curve

80
Q

What type of growth curve is seen in non-native, introduced species? Why?

A

exponential - no predators

81
Q

factors that slow population growth

A

limiting factors

82
Q

Give examples of limiting factors.

A

predators, parasites, disease, availability of resources

83
Q

a stable internal environment - mostly the same

A

homeostasis

84
Q

a chain of monomers

A

polymer

85
Q

a polysaccharide is a chain of what monomer

A

monosaccharides - sugars

86
Q

What chemical reaction builds polymers

A

dehydration synthesis

87
Q

Why are organic compounds often called macromolecules?

A

They are made of polymers or long chains.

88
Q

What organic compound is the structure and function of the body?

A

proteins

89
Q

Why do atoms bond?

A

to become stable - octet rule

90
Q

a hollow ball of cells embryo stage

A

blastula

91
Q

Why are echinoderms considered so closely related to chordates?

A

Both are deuterostomes.

92
Q

What is necessary for depth perception?

A

binocular vision

93
Q

What are advanced primate characteristics?

A

nails instead of claws, binocular vision, and opposable thumbs for a good grip

94
Q

The shape of the enzyme where it connects to other chemicals to initiate the reaction is the

A

active site

95
Q

Most enzymes belong to what group of organic compounds?

A

proteins

96
Q

The chemicals that an enzyme works on are called the

A

substrate

97
Q

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured.

A

changes shape and can’t function

98
Q

What is the most common suffix for an enzyme?

A

-ase

biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions