Argumentation Vocab

Question 1

Persuasion

Answer 1

Method by which writer strives to move an audience to action

Question 2

Argumentation

Answer 2

Appeals to reason to show that certain ideas are valid and others are not

Question 3

Rhetorical Triangle

Answer 3

Message (logos), Audience (pathos), Writer/Speaker (ethos)

Question 4

Eyewitness

Answer 4

Direct experience, reports, facts, has authenticity

Question 5

Expert Witness

Answer 5

Expertise in an area, studies facts and gives judgements

Question 6

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 6

Inferring a general law from a specific observation. (Use if unsure audience will agree with you)

Question 7

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 7

States premise first then leads to conclusion by providing supporting reason/evidence. (Use when audience/reader is likely to agree with you)

Question 8

Enthymeme

Answer 8

Part of Toulmin argument. features claim (the thesis) and reason (because…)

Question 9

Warrant

Answer 9

Value, belief, or principle that audience must share if argument is to hold. Unstated but essential for the argument to be argued. (Toulmin)

Question 10

Grounds

Answer 10

What supports claim

Question 11

Backing

Answer 11

What supports warrant if it cannot be safely assumed audience agrees/knows

Question 12

Qualifiers

Answer 12

Limit force of a claim and indicate the degree of its probable truth. (Some, Sometimes, Perhaps, Very Likely, Many, Probably, Maybe, Often)

Question 13

Accomodations

Answer 13

Rogerian argument. Gives both sides of argument fair share of space. Better if audience is unwilling to listen to reason of induction/deduction