Final

Question 1

Information theory

Answer 1

The information provided by a particular event is inversely related to the probability of its occurrence

Question 2

Hick- Hyman law

Answer 2

Increasing the # of choices a person has will increase the decision time logarithmically

Question 3

Broadbent filter modelling

Answer 3

Filters

Question 4

Semantic richness

Answer 4

The amount of meaning associated with a concept

Question 5

Interactionism

Answer 5

• mind & brain are desperate entities that interact and influence each other

Question 6

Epiphenomanelism

Answer 6

Mind by- product of brian processes, uniderictional- the only way to study the mind is to study the brain

Question 7

Isomorphism

Answer 7

Mental events share same structure as neural events (not 1-1)

Question 8

Parallelism

Answer 8

• mind &a brain are two aspects of same reality

1-1 correspondence

Question 9

Feature detection

Answer 9

• recognize pattern on basis of feature or property

Question 10

Hen rule

Answer 10

Wire together fire together

Question 11

3 basic elements of connection isn’t models:

Answer 11

1) info can be broken down into elementary units
2) there are connections between these units
3) connections can operate in parallel

Question 12

Word superiority effect

Answer 12

• easier to identify letters that were briefly presented in words )compared to letters presented alone)

Question 13

The grand illusion

Answer 13

The illusion that what we see in our visual field is a clear and detailed picture of the world

Question 14

Change blindness

Answer 14

Inability to detect changes in an object or scene

Question 15

Amount of information

Answer 15

Stimuli that occur less frequently carry more information which leads to slower processing

Question 16

Richness of information

Answer 16

• information with more associated features will have richer representations
• richer representations will be processed more quickly

Question 17

Visual “pop out” effect

Answer 17

Targets perceived almost instantaneously, even when there are many fist actors

Question 18

Feature search

Answer 18

When the target differed from distractions along 1 feature dimension (speed does not vary with set size)

Question 19

Conjunction search

Answer 19

The target & distractors differ on a conjunction of features

• slower than feature search
• slower with larger set size

Question 20

Prosopagnosia

Answer 20

Patients lose ability to recognize faces

Question 21

Selective attention

Answer 21

• when exposed to two events simultaneously, but only attend to one of them
• consistent with early selection theory of attention

Question 22

Stroop interference effect

Answer 22

• in a task in which a person is instructed to respond to one aspect of a stimulus while ignoring another aspect responding is difficult if the two aspects are inconsistent (or colour list)
• more consistent with late selection models (both relevants and irrelevant stimuli are initially perceived but irrelevant stimuli is later ignored)

Question 23

2 fundamental elements of a stroop task:

Answer 23

1. Conflicting responses

2. Competing response is prepotent or automatic

Question 24

Strip effect brain mechanisms:

Answer 24

Prefrontal cortex & anterior cingulate

Question 25

Unilateral neglect

Answer 25

• caused by damage to parietal lobe
• damage is usually in right hemisphere, neglect left visual field
• drawing, bisection, cancellation

Question 26

Capacity model

Answer 26

Attention is like a power supply or a reservoir of fuel

Question 27

Structural limits

Answer 27

Attentional tasks interfere with each other to the extent that they involve similar abilities

Question 28

Central bottleneck

Answer 28

There is only one narrow path along which information can travel, central processor that can only handle one thing at a time
- requires task switching

Question 29

Flanker task

Answer 29

• search name famous person and ignore face

Question 30

Mental set

Answer 30

Temporary top-down organization in the brain that facilitates some responses while inhibiting others in order to achieve a certain goal