Biochem

Question 1

Define hydrophilic in terms of bonds

Answer 1

Hydrophilic molecules have polar covalent bonds - e.g. That one of the atoms is more electronegative than the other (significantly higher affinity for electrons). More polar bonds at one end of the molecule makes it more hydrophillic- i.e. Polar bonds that are symmetrical the molecule is less hydrophillic.

Question 2

Name 3 common bonds that are polar

Answer 2

C-O
C-N
O-H
Also ionic compounds with + or - charge

Question 3

Bilayers are formed by _________ molecules because __________

Answer 3

Amphipathic, phillic ends attracted to cytoplasm, phobic ends repel.

Question 4

If you know the conc of H+ ions what equation finds the pH?

Answer 4

pH = -log [H+]

Question 5

If you know the pH what equation finds the conc of H+ ions?

Answer 5

10^-pH = [H+]

Question 6

For a ________ decrease in pH the H+ conc is ____________

Answer 6

0.3, double

Question 7

How does the bicarbonate buffering system work? (Equation & Enzyme). What happens to the equilibrium when you add/remove H+ ions?

Answer 7

CO2 + H20 -> H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+

Carbonic anhydrase catalysts the first bit

Add H+ = shifts to left, Remove H+ = shifts to right

Question 8

What is the Henderson Hasslebach equation and what can it be used to work out?

Answer 8

pH = pKa + log [base
acid]

Can be used to find out pH, pKa, base:acid ratio, base/acid concentration

Question 9

What effect does hyperventilation and pulmonary obstruction have on pH?

Answer 9

Increase as more CO2 is expelled so less carbonic acid made.

Pulmonary obstruction would decrease pH as CO2 retained due to problem getting air out.