Histology And Blood Vessels

Question 1

What are renal corpuscles?

Answer 1

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus

Question 2

Name the poles of the renal corpuscle

Answer 2

Vascular

Urinary

Question 3

Name the 4 parts of the loop of Henle

Answer 3

Pars recta
Thin descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Thick ascending limb

Question 4

Describe the thin limbs of the loop of Henle

Answer 4

Simple squamous
No active transport
Looks like a capillary with no RBCs
No brush border

Question 5

Describe the thick ascending limb

Answer 5

Best seen in the medulla
Simple cuboidal epithelium
No brush border
Active transport occurs

Question 6

Describe the DCT

Answer 6

Found in the cortex near to ‘parent’ glomerulus
Contains numerous mitochondria
No brush border
Large lumen than the PCT

Question 7

What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus consist of?

Answer 7

Macula densa (of DCT)
Juxtaglomerular cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 8

Describe the ureter

Answer 8

Muscular tube
2 layers of smooth muscle in upper 2/3
Lower 1/3 of ureter has 3 layers of smooth muscle
Transitional epithelium

Question 9

Describe the blood flow from the aorta to the glomerulus

Answer 9

Aorta > renal artery > segmental artery > interlobar artery > arcuate artery > cortical radiate artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus

Question 10

Describe the blood flow from efferent arteriole to the IVC

Answer 10

Efferent arteriole > peritubular capillaries (+ vasa recta) > cortical radiate vein > arcuate vein > interlobar vein > renal vein > IVC

Question 11

Describe Wilm’s tumour

Answer 11

Nephroblastoma
Commonly occurs in children
25% associated with developmental abnormalities
Highly responsive to treatment
Large abdomen, loss appetite, abdominal pain, fever, nausea