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pre ap world geography > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

map projection

A

an attempt to portray the earth on a flat surface . projections become distorted because the earth is a sphere

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2
Q

map scale

A

element of map that shows how a unit of distance on a map relates to real distnace on earth

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3
Q

compass rose

A

a diagram on the map that shows directions

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4
Q

longitude

A

the lines on a map or globe that measure vertically

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5
Q

lattitude

A

the horizontal lines

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6
Q

equator

A

horizontal line at zero degrees

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7
Q

prime meridian

A

the meridian of longitude at zero degrees

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8
Q

hemisphere

A

one half of a sphere

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9
Q

relative location

A

the location of something compared to something else

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10
Q

absolute locatiopn

A

where something is exatcly one arth

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11
Q

physical map

A

shows physical feautures of an area suchas river and elevationb

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12
Q

political map

A

shows state and national boundaries

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13
Q

thematic map

A

shows a single theme connected to a geographic area

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14
Q

plate tectonics

A

tectonic plates that make up the earth’s crust

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15
Q

convergent boundaries

A

boundaries that converge to create mountains

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16
Q

divergent boundaries

A

boundaries that rift valleys

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17
Q

transform boundaries

A

the plates are moving opposite directions …… these cuase eathquakes and volcanoes

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18
Q

weathering

A

works by breaking things down at the earth’s surface. wind , water , ice and living things cause this

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19
Q

erosion

A

when rock sand and soil are broken into smaller pieces CARRYING IT AWAY

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20
Q

deposition

A

when rock particles or soil are dopped into a new location

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21
Q

peninsula

A

land surrounded by water on three sides

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22
Q

ithmus

A

narrow strip of land with water on both sides connecting two large pieces of land

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23
Q

glacier

A

big amount of ice

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24
Q

river system

A

rivers and their tributaries

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25
Q

mesa

A

elevated flat top

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26
Q

what are mesa shaped by

A

erosion and convergent boundaries

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27
Q

what is a gulf

A

a very large bay

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28
Q

weather

A

the daily conditions of the atmosphere

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29
Q

climate

A

the average weather over time

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30
Q

relationship between the tilt and the seasons

A

the tilt cause seasons that are separated by the equator

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31
Q

5 major factors that affect climate

A

lattitude, ocean currents and wind, contientialty, elevation, mountain barrier,

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32
Q

why is latiitude the most important factor that affects climate

A

because the further from the equator the colder and drier it gets

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33
Q

what is conteintiality

A

how far inland something is

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34
Q

what is a climograph

A

graph that shows average temp and prec. for an area

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35
Q

what climates are near the equator

A

tropical

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36
Q

what vegatation near the equator

A

troppical rain forest

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37
Q

what climates near the poles

A

cold, dry and arid

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38
Q

population pyramid

A

divided into sexes from youngest to old to show populatio0n change

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39
Q

demographic transistion model

A

uses death and birth rates to show population chnage

40
Q

life expentantsy

A

the avergae time a person may expect to live

41
Q

population density

A

the number of people within a square mile

42
Q

population distribution

A

pattern of settlement over a region

43
Q

cultural diffusion

A

spread of culture traits in material and non material form

44
Q

culture

A

way of life of a group of peopel who share similar traits

45
Q

ethnic group

A

group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs or place or origin

46
Q

developed countries

A

countries that are wealthier with more advanced economies. comfortable way of life for their people

47
Q

developping countries

A

poorer countries with a less advanced economy, trying to improve quality of life for their people

48
Q

monarchy

A

one person rules, usually a king or queen. position is inherited

49
Q

dictatorship

A

the ruler or dictator has absolute power, sometimes military

50
Q

democracy

A

all eligible memebers of society can elect themselves

51
Q

aristocracy

A

a governeing body usually made up of an upper class or heriditary nobility

52
Q

communism

A

people share all the work then all the rewards

53
Q

what is the difference between a state and a nation

A

a nation is a group of people united by something, while a state is considered a organised political community

54
Q

free market

A

when economic descions are made by individuals

55
Q

tradtional economy

A

shaped by tradition, often agriculture and followe established patterns

56
Q

command economy

A

the governemnt controls the economy , the state descides how to use and spread out ressources

57
Q

mixed ecocomy

A

mixed with command and free market economies

58
Q

comerism

A

the idea that buying goods and services in huge abundances will be better off economically

59
Q

urbanization

A

the way a population shifts from rual to urban areas and how society reacts to that change

60
Q

comsumption

A

the using up of goods and services

61
Q

infrastures

A

the organizational structures a society uses to function

62
Q

urban sprawl

A

the rapid spread of development from urban to rural areas

63
Q

gentrification

A

the arrival of wealthier people in an urban area, a related increase in rent, and change sin the area character and culture

64
Q

new urbanism

A

promotes wallkable neighboorhoods with everything in the same place

65
Q

immigration

A

people entering a geographic area

66
Q

emigration

A

people leaving a geographic area

67
Q

refugee

A

person who must leave their country

68
Q

brain drain

A

smart people leave their home country

69
Q

pull factors

A

attractive factors

70
Q

push factors

A

factors that make you want to leave

71
Q

tar sands

A

sand or sandstone that contains large amounts of crude oil in semi soid form

72
Q

inuit

A

indigenous ppl from the north of canada

73
Q

metis

A

mixed of first nation and french canadian

74
Q

frist nation

A

not metis or inuit

75
Q

nafta

A

north american free trade agreement

76
Q

import

A

bringing goods

77
Q

export

A

send good away

78
Q

tariff

A

a tax paid on imports or exports

79
Q

why is the panaman canal considered a chokepoint

A

because it is a small and narrow body of water providing passage to other regions

80
Q

3 major civilisations in latin america

A

mayan, incan, aztecs

81
Q

what is colonialism

A

taking control over a country or region and expoloiting it economically

82
Q

what is an empire

A

extensive group of states under a single supreme authority

83
Q

terrence farming

A

type of farming that consists of diffrent steps terraces made in mountains or hills

84
Q

study anceint civilisations before exam

A

Ok

85
Q

slash and burn farming

A

when forested land is clear cut then the vegatation is burned to create a nutrient rich layer for crops

86
Q

columbian exhnage

A

the exchange of things across the new old world

87
Q

rural decline

A

worsening economic conditions in a rural area, including risisng unemployement and poverty rates

88
Q

spatial inequality

A

the unequal distribution of wealth or ressources across a geographic area

89
Q

standard of liviing

A

overall level of comfort and well being of people ina group or counrty

90
Q

deforestation

A

the permanent destruction of forest for other uses

91
Q

envirmonetalist

A

person who is concerned with or advocates the well being of the envirmoent

92
Q

land use conflcit

A

arguments about the best ways to use land

93
Q

substinence farmers,

A

usually only grow enough food for their families

94
Q

sustainable development

A

involves using ressources in ways that meet their needs without hurting the ability of futre generations to meet their needs

95
Q

what does hdi stand for

A

human development index

96
Q

how to measure hdi

A

heath, education , income

pre ap world geography (7 decks)

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