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Step One Buzzwords > Key associations > Flashcards

Key associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) Keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carninoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associate with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Chron disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descenting aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Arotic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medical degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associate with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Strep Penumonia

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (mewborns and kids)

A

Group B Strep/E. coli (newborns),

Strep Pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melaoncytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome - defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor

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16
Q

Brain tumor adults

A

“MGM Studios” - Metastatic, > Glioblastoma Multiforme, > Meningioma, > Schwannoma.
- All Supratentorial

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17
Q

Brain tumor kids

A

“Animal Kingdom, Magic Kingdom, Epcot” - Astrocytoma, Meduloblastoma, Ependymoma. - Infratentorial
- Craniophryngioma - supratentorial

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18
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

Breast Mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac Primary Tumor

A 
Metastasis
Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; ball and valve)
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22
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II formation

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23
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial Fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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24
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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25
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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26
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman ; type II: elderly man or woman)

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27
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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28
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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29
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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30
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

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31
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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32
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

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33
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A
  • Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
  • Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
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34
Q

Cyanosis (early, less common)

A

“T’s”

  • Tetrology of Fallot
  • Transposition of the Great Vessels
  • Truncus arteriosus
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35
Q

Cyanosis (late, more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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36
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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37
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus Nephropathy

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38
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

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39
Q

Demylinating disease in young women

A

multiple sclerosis

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40
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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41
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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42
Q

Diverticulum in pharnyx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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43
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonary stenosis

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44
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)

Adenocarcinoma (US)

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45
Q

Food poisoning

A

S. Aureus or B. Cereus

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46
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

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47
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A 
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US)
Cervical carcinoma (Most common worldwide)
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48
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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49
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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50
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

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51
Q

Hematoma - epidural

A

Rupture of the middle meningial aretery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

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52
Q

Hematoma - subdural

A

Rupture of the bridging veins (crescent shaped)

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53
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes,” and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

54
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

55
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

56
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

57
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

58
Q

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

59
Q

Holosystolic Murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

60
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood loss

A

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

61
Q

Hypertension, secondary

A

Renal Disease

62
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

63
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

64
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

65
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

66
Q

Intellecutal disability

A

Down Syndrome, fragile X syndrome

67
Q

Kidney stones

A
  • Calcium = radiopaque
  • Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphlococcus
  • Uric acid = radiolucent
68
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by VSD, ASD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

69
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

70
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

71
Q

Male Cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

72
Q

Malignancy associate with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

73
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

74
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate & breast > lung > thyroid

75
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

76
Q

Metasatses to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

77
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through mother only

78
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

79
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

80
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxackie B

81
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

82
Q

Nephrotic syndreom (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

83
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

84
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

85
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

86
Q

Opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

87
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

88
Q

Osteomyelitis (most common)

A

S. aureus

89
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

90
Q

Osteomyelitis in IV drug use

A

S. aureus + Pseudomonas

91
Q

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

92
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

93
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

94
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

95
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A 
Alcohol (adults)
Cystic Fibrosis (kids)
96
Q

Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60

97
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Nisseria gonorrhoeae

98
Q

Philadelphia chrmosome

A

t(9;22) (bcr-abl) - CML (sometimes ALL/AML)

99
Q

Pituitary Tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma

100
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

turner syndrome (45 X,O)

101
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple Myeloma

102
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

103
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

104
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)

105
Q

Pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

106
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

107
Q

Renal Tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

108
Q

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

109
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])

110
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

111
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

112
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

113
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

114
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

115
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

116
Q

Stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

117
Q

Somach ulcerations and high gastin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas

118
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular Lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

119
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

120
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

121
Q

Temoporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rhematica

122
Q

Testicular tumor

A

seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

123
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

124
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

125
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

126
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

127
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

128
Q

Type of Hodgkin

A

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

129
Q

Type of Non-Hodgkin

A

Diffuse large cell

130
Q

UTI

A

E. Coli, Staphylcoccus saphrophyticus (young women)

131
Q

Viral enchephalitis affection temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

132
Q

Vitamin Deficiency (US)

A

Folate (pregnancy womena are at high risk)

- body only stores 3-4 months supply; prevents neural tube defects

Step One Buzzwords (4 decks)

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