chapter 7

Question 1

A disorder that interferes with the acquisition and use of one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in the development of academic skills is called?

Answer 1

a specific learning disorder

Question 2

Individuals with a specific learning disorder tend to?

Answer 2

are more likely to suffer from mental health issues, are less likely to be employed, have lower levels of literacy

Question 3

Classical conditioning in prenatal babies?

Answer 3

does occur because babies are exposed to taste and sound before they are born

Question 4

What kinds of learning can happen before we are born?

Answer 4

habituation and sensitization, associative and non-associative

Question 5

What kind of learning benefits from focused attention?

Answer 5

episodic, associative, semantic

Question 6

Which of the following factors does NOT affect learning?

Answer 6

consent (awareness timing and attention do)

Question 7

What is implicit learning?

Answer 7

The acquisition of information without awareness.

Question 8

What is insight learning?

Answer 8

An “ah-ha” or “eureka” moment,A sudden realization of a solution to a problem or leap in understanding new concepts.

Question 9

We can culturally transmit learned behaviours across generations. What type of learning is this?

Answer 9

observational learning

Question 10

What is vicarious learning?

Answer 10

Learning that occurs when an individual observes the consequences to another’s actions and then chooses to duplicate the behaviour or refrain from doing so.

Question 11

Work breaks occur at 60, 72, or 54 minutes. What type of reinforcement schedule is this?

Answer 11

variable interval

Question 12

When you have a headache, you take a pain reliever. The pain reliever takes away your headache, thereby increasing the chances that next time you have a headache you will take a pain reliever. What type of reinforcement is this?

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

According to Rogers, what happens if children fail to regularly receive unconditional positive regard?

Answer 13

It acts as a negative force that prevents a person from reaching his full potential.

Question 14

Humanistic theorists include?

Answer 14

rogers

Question 15

What is sensitization?

Answer 15

Involves an increase, as opposed to a decrease, in response with learning.

A form of non-associative learning that involves an altered response following the presentation of a single sensory cue.

An enhanced response to this typical stimulus.

Question 16

What is learning?

Answer 16

A lasting change caused by experience.

Question 17

what is Shaping?

Answer 17

Introducing new behaviour by reinforcing small approximations of the desired behaviour.

Question 18

what is Vicarious learning?

Answer 18

Learning that occurs when an individual observes the consequences to another’s actions and then chooses to duplicate the behaviour or refrain from doing so.

Question 19

what is Mathematics disorder?

Answer 19

A deficit in mathematical ability, including the ability to do calculations, as well as the ability to understand mathematical word problems and mathematical concepts.

Question 20

what is Latent learning?

Answer 20

A form of learning that is not expressed until there is a reward or incentive.

Question 21

what is Dishabituation?

Answer 21

A form of non-associative learning whereby there is a recovery of attention to a novel stimulus following habitation.

Question 22

what is Behaviourism?

Answer 22

A branch of psychological thought arguing that psychology should study only directly observable behaviours rather than abstract mental processes.