C14.5-7 Organic chemistry Flashcards
what is macromolecules -1
large molecules made up of small units
what is polymer
long-chain molecule formed by joining the monomers
what is the process of joining monomers together to form polymers
polymerisation
what happen in addition polymerisation
the double bond between carbon atoms changes to a single bond and the monomer molecules join together
what is macromolecules -2
Large molecules built up from small units (monomers).
the use of polyethene
low den - plastic bags and gloves
high den - mugs, bowls, chairs
the uses Polychloroethane (PVC)
water pipes
wellingtons
hoeses covering for electricity cables
what is Poly(ethene)
a polymer produced from ethene
by addition polymerization
State the uses of ethanol as a solvent and as a fuel
SOLVENT
to dissolve things that water can’t.
evaporates easily
→solvent in glues, printing inks & perfumes
FUEL
added to or instead of petrol, because it burns cleanly
Describe the formation of ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene.
Ethene: obtained by
- obtained by cracking long-chain alkenes from oil
- ethene reacts with steam (reversibly), conditions:
o 570°C
o 60-70atm
o Catalyst = phosphoric acid
- Low temp = better yield, but high temperature is used to give a better rate of reaction.
General formula of ALCOHOLS
CnH2n+1OH
ALKENES’ ADDITION REACTIONS
With bromine: (test for saturation)
e.g. ethene (g) + bromine (aq) → 1,2-dibromomethane (l)
With steam: forms alcohols with heat, pressure and a catalyst
e.g. ethene (g) + steam (g) ⇌ ethanol (l)
With hydrogen: double bond breaks down to for an alkane with heat, pressure and a catalyst
e.g. ethene (g) + hydrogen (g) → ethane (g)
General formula of ALKENES
ALKENES = CnH2n
Functional group of ALKENES
C=C bond
Describe the complete combustion reaction
of ethanol.
→ carbon dioxide and water
methanol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
ethanol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
2C2H5OH(l) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
