Cerebral Hemisphere and Cortex Flashcards
Name the 3 phylogenetic categories of the cerebral cortex
archicortex (hippocampus)
paleocortex (piriform lobe)
neocortex (six layers)
Name the 3 categories of white matter fibers
projection fibers
commissural fibers
association fibers
Projection fibers
- join the internal capsule
- two categories: corticofugal and corticopedal
Commissural fibers
- connect the cortices of right and left hemispheres
- largest bundle is corpus callosum
Association fibers
- connect regions of the cerebral cortex within one hemisphere
- two categories: short association fibers and long association fibers
Rhinencephalon
ventromedial portion of each cerebral hemisphere, associated with olfaction
Functions of neocortex
detailed sensory perception higher cognitive interpretation rapid fine movements learning goal oriented intelligence
What are the 2 neurons that predominate in the neocortex?
pyramidal cells (output cells) granule cells (interneurons)
Name the 6 horizontal layers of the cerebral cortex
- molecular layer
- outer granule cell layer (interneurons)
- outer pyramidal cell layer (output cells)
- inner granule cell layer (interneurons)
- inner pyramidal cell layer (output cells)
- multiform layer (project to thalamus)
Explain the vertical organization of the cerebral cortex
- organized into functional units consisting of cortical columns
- all cells within an individual column are activated by the same particular feature of a stimulus
- this is a result of neuronal connections within a cortical column
Name the 3 main functional areas of the cerebral cortex
motor area
primary sensory areas
association areas
Motor area drives what two areas?
main driver of the red nucleus and reticular formation
Name the 4 primary sensory areas
somatosensory
visual area
auditory area
vestibular area
Somatosensory area receives what kind of input?
tactile input and information related to pain, temperature, and pressure sensation
Visual area receives what kind of input?
elements of an image (contrast-edges, shape, color, size)