Foot

Question 1

Tarsal Bones

Answer 1

Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms 
-medial
-intermediate
-lateral

Question 2

metatarsals and phalanges

Answer 2

5 mt

14 phalanges

Question 3

Talus

Answer 3

sits above the calcaneus with neck and body projecting anteriomedially
3 articular facets on body for malleoli and tibial articulation
inferior facet on neck for cancaneus articulation

Question 4

calcaneous

Answer 4

largest of the tarsal bones
groove for attachment of peronueus longus and brevis
sustentaculum tali medial shelf to support talus

Question 5

The ankle joint (talocrural)

Answer 5

synovial uniaxial hinge joint

covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 6

articular surface

Answer 6

body of the talus articulates superiorly to the with the tibia and laterally with the fibula

trochlear articular surface convex a-p concave m-l

upper medial surface of talus articulates with the medial malleolus

triangular cancave of the body of talus articulates with lateral malleolus

posterior articular surface continous with troclear surface articulates with the transverse tibiofibular ligament.

Question 7

Capsule and synovial membrane

Answer 7

fibrous capsule surrounds joint attachting to articular margins

posteriorly to the posterior tibiofibular ligament
thin anteriolly
strengthened by medial and lateral collateral ligaments

synovial membrane lines the capsule covers the fat pads

Question 8

(mediall) collateral Deltoid ligaments

Answer 8

strong triangular fan shaped ligament

anterior band is deep and run oblique to the neck of the talus

posterior band runs to the medial tubercle of the talus

tibionavicular band runs form the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous to the navicular tuberosity

tibiocalcaneous band attachtes to the sustentaculum tali

Question 9

lateral collateral ligament

Answer 9

3 separate bands weaker than deltoid ligament

anterior talofibular ligament pases anteromedially from the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus

posterior talofibula ligaments strong thick passes from malleolar fossa of lateral malleolus to the lateral tubercle of the talus

calcaneofibular ligament is free from joint capsule from the lateral malleolus to the peroneal tubercle on the lateral calcaneus

Question 10

anterior ligament

Answer 10

distal tibia to neck of the talus

Question 11

posterior ligament

Answer 11

triangular band fibres arising from tibia and fibia to medial tubercle of the posterior talus

Question 12

dorsiflexion

Answer 12

from plantigrade the foot is drawn upwards towards the leg reducing the angle between the leg and dorsum toes point up and heel is pushed down

Question 13

plantarflexion

Answer 13

rom plantigrade the foot is pushed downwards away from the leg incresing the angle between the leg and dorsum toes point down and heel is raised

Question 14

retinaculum

Answer 14

thicking of the facias of the leg bands of fibrous tissue:
flexor retinaculum 
superior extensor retinaculum 
inferior extensor retinaculum 
superior peroneal retinaculum
inferior peroneal retinaculum