Unit 1 History & Approaches

Question 1

Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener ; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Answer 1

Structuralism

Question 2

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Answer 2

Functionalism

Question 3

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Answer 3

Experimental psychology

Question 4

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)

Answer 4

Behaviorism

Question 5

A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

Answer 5

Humanistic psychology

Question 6

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing remembering, and communicating

Answer 6

Cognitive psychology

Question 7

The science of behavior and mental processes

Answer 7

Psychology

Question 8

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from interactions of nature and nurture

Answer 8

Nature-nurture issue

Question 9

The principe that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Answer 9

Natural selection

Question 10

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Answer 10

Biopsychosocial approach

Question 11

A branch of psychology that’s studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that info to treat people with psychological disorders

Answer 11

Psychodynamic psychology

Question 12

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Answer 12

Social-cultural psychology

Question 13

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Answer 13

Psychometrics

Question 14

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Answer 14

Developmental psychology

Question 15

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Answer 15

Educational psychology

Question 16

The study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 16

Personality psychology

Question 17

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Answer 17

Applied research

Question 18

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Answer 18

Industrial-organizational psychology

Question 19

An I/o psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Answer 19

Human factors psychology

Question 20

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living

Answer 20

Counseling psychology

Question 21

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Answer 21

Clinical psychology

Question 22

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

Answer 22

Psychiatry

Question 23

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Answer 23

Community psychology

Question 24

The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Answer 24

Positive psychology