Immunity Flashcards
Active artificial
Vaccination
Active natural
After getting the disease
Passive artificial
Given antibodies
Passive natural
Immune from antibodies from mothers breastmilk
Whats the types of vacinnations?
Attenuated viruses - weakened
killed bacteria
toxin that’s altered to harmless
an antigen bearing fragment
How do antibiotics disrupt cell growth?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, distruption of cell membrane- changes in permeability, inhibition of nucleic acid, protein synthesis
Hospital acquired infections due to poor hygiene
not washing hands
equipment not sterile
not changing bed linin
Hospital acquired infections due to codes of practice
wash hands
screening
septic tecnhiques
people with HAI moved
Describe antibioitic resistance
MRA is a HAI that’s resistant so is difficult to treate
infections are more common due to more antibiotics in hospitals as they have evolved
Take full course, over prescription
Describe evolution of antibiotics
Within a gene pool a genetic mutation occurs increasing variation. When a change in selection pressure occurs a new allele becomes advantageous, could be the mutation. Having this allele increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction increasing allele frequency
What are the two types of antibiotic?
Bactericidal - destroy bacteria
or bacteriostatic - prevent multiplication then immune system destroys them
How you reduce the spread of multiple resistant bacteria?
Take full course of antibiotic
Only used when needed
Infection control in hospitals
Describe conjugation
Plasmid carries gene for antibiotic resistance
One strand of plasmid DNA transfers between bacteria and each bacterium replicate to produce a complete plasmid
