Chapter one

Question 1

A characteristic based on cultural
heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion,
and language.

Answer 1

A characteristic based on cultural
heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion,
and language.

Question 2

Adolescence

Answer 2

developmental period of transition from childhood to early adulthood, entered at approximately 10 to 12 years of age and ending at 18 to 21 years
of age. Adolescence begins with rapid physical changes. At this point in development, the pursuit of independence and an identity are prominent.

Question 3

Anal Stage

Answer 3

Child’s pleasure focuses on the anus

1 1/2 to 3 years

Question 4

Biological processes

Answer 4

produce changes in an individual’s physical nature.

Question 5

Cognitive processes

Answer 5

refer to changes in the individual’s
thought, intelligence, and language.

Question 6

continuity-discontinuity issue

Answer 6

Focuses on the
extent to which development involves gradual,
cumulative change or distinc stages

Question 7

cross-cultural studies

Answer 7

Comparison of one culture
with one or more other cultures. These provide
information about the degree to which development
is similar, or universal, across cultures, and the
degree to which it is culture-specific.

Question 8

culture

Answer 8

The behavior patterns, beliefs, and all
other products of a group that are passed on from
generation to generation.

Question 9

development

Answer 9

The pattern of change that begins at
conception and continues through the life span.
Most development involves growth, although it also
includes decline brought on by aging and dying.

Question 10

Early adulthood

Answer 10

developmental period that begins in the early 20s and lasts through the 30s. It is a time of establishing personal and economic independence,
career development, and for many, selecting a mate,

Question 11

Early childhood

Answer 11

developmental period from the end of infancy to age 5
or 6. This period is sometimes called the “preschool years.” During this time,
young children learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves,
develop school readiness skills

Question 12

First age

Answer 12

Childhood and adolescence

Question 13

Fourth age

Answer 13

Approximately 80 years and older

Question 14

gender

Answer 14

The characteristics of people as males or
females.

Question 15

Genital Stage

Answer 15

time of sexual reawakening, source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family

puberty onward

Question 16

Infancy

Answer 16

During this period, many psychological
activities language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination, and social learning, for example are just beginning. from birth to 18 or 24 months.

Question 17

Late adulthood

Answer 17

developmental period that begins in the 60s or 70s and
lasts until death. It is a time of life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social
roles involving decreasing strength and health.

Question 18

Latency stage

Answer 18

child represes sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills

6 to puberty

Question 19

life-span perspective

Answer 19

lifelong, multidimensional,
multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and
contextual; involves growth, maintenance, and
regulation; and is constructed through biological,
sociocultural, and individual factors working
together.

Question 20

Middle adulthood

Answer 20

developmental period from approximately 40 years of age
to about 60. It is a time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility;

Question 21

Middle and late childhood

Answer 21

developmental period from about 6 to 11 years
of age, approximately corresponding to the elementary school years. During this
period, the fundamental skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic are mastered.

Question 22

nonnormative life events

Answer 22

Unusual occurrences
that have a major impact on an individual’s life.

Question 23

normative age-graded influences

Answer 23

These are
influences that are similar for individuals in a
particular age group.

Question 24

normative history-graded influences

Answer 24

Influences
that are common to people of a particular generation
because of historical circumstances.

Question 25

Oral stage

Answer 25

Infant’s pleasure centers around the mouth

Birth to 1 1/2 years

Question 26

Phalic stage

Answer 26

child’s pleasure focuses on teh genitals

3 to 6 years

Question 27

Second age

Answer 27

Prime adulthood, 20s through 50s

Question 28

social policy

Answer 28

A national government’s course of
action designed to promote the welfare of its
citizens.

Question 29

socioeconomic status

Answer 29

Refers to the grouping
of people with similar occupational, educational,
and economic characteristics.

Question 30

Socioemotional processes

Answer 30

involve changes in the
individual’s relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in
personality.

Question 31

stability change issue

Answer 31

which involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics
persist through life or change.

Question 32

The chronosystem

Answer 32

consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions
over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances.

Question 33

The exosystem

Answer 33

consists of links between a
social setting in which the individual does
not have an active role and the individual’s
immediate context.

Question 34

The macrosystem

Answer 34

involves the culture in
which individuals live.

Question 35

The mesosystem

Answer 35

involves relations between microsystems or connections between
contexts. Examples are the relation of family experiences to school experiences,

Question 36

The microsystem

Answer 36

is the setting in which the individual lives. These contexts
include the person’s family, peers, school, and neighborhood.

Question 37

The prenatal period

.

Answer 37

time from conception to birth. It involves tremendous
growth from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral
capabilities and takes place in approximately a nine-month period.

Question 38

Third age

Answer 38

Approximately 60 to 79 years of age