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Large Animal Gas > Ruminant Forestomach > Flashcards

Ruminant Forestomach Flashcards

1
Q

Rumen analysis

A

Wet mount- Look at population and motility of protozoa

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2
Q

Indigestion difference between horse and cattle

A

Cattle bloat with esophageal obstruction

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3
Q

Simple indigestion

A

Depression
Dismissed appetite
Decreased rumen
Rumen distinction

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4
Q

Severe indigestion

A 
Sudden dramatic change
Decreased appetite 
Decreased milk
Recumbent
Dehydration
Rumen stasis w gas cap
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5
Q

lactic acidosis

A 
Anorexia
Increase hr
Recumbent
Bloat
Blindness
Coma
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6
Q

Cause of lactic acidosis

A

High forage/low concentrate diet
Rumen pH drops
Microbial death
D-lactate produced

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7
Q

Indigestion diagnosis

A

Lactic acidosis

  • high anion gap
  • decreased Ca/Mg
  • increase PVC and Hb
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8
Q

Indigestion- treatment for simple/severe

A

Ruminotoric
Calcium
Good forage

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9
Q

Lactic acidosis treatment

A 
IV fluids (no bicarb)
Rumenotomy
Transfaunation
Ca/Mg
Antibiotics
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10
Q

Indigestion prognosis

A

Simple - good

lactose - high mortality

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11
Q

Sequels to indigestion

A

Fungal or bacterial rumenitis

Peritonitis, hepatic abscess, vena cava thrombosis

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12
Q

Indigestion prevention

A

Gradual introduction to grains

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13
Q

Free gas bloat

A

High grain diets
Rumen outflow failure
Obstruction
Calves <6 mo

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14
Q

Free gas bloat clinical signs

A

Left side ping
Left side abdominal distention
Sudden death
Necropsy: bloat line

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15
Q

Free gas bloat treatment

A

Pass a stomach tube

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16
Q

Frothy bloat cause

A

Lush pasture
-legumes
-high solvable protein
Produce stable foam

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17
Q

Frothy bloat clinical signs

A

No ping

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18
Q

Frothy bloat treatment

A

Antifoaming agents
Oral fluids
Calcium

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19
Q

Traumatic reticulitis

A

Bailing wire, nails, hypodermic needles

Common in late pregnancy

20
Q

TRP clinical signs

A 
Drop in milk
Anorexia
Decreased poops
Fever
Increased HR
Cranial abdominal pain
21
Q

Local TRP clinical signs

A

Vague after 24 hr

Variable degree of pain

22
Q

TRP diagnosis

A 
History
PE
Lab data 
-leukopenia
U/S
Rad
23
Q

TRP treatment

A

Stall confinement
Magnet
Antibiotics
Symptomatic therapy

24
Q

TRP treatment

A

Magnets

Environment management

25
Q

Vagal indigestion

A

Forestomach are not working as well as they should

26
Q

Predisposing factors of vagal indigestion

A 
Hardware disease (TRP)
Irritation of vagal nerve
27
Q

Vagal indigestion clinical signs

A 
Reduced feed intake
Decreased milk
Bradycardia
Variable rumen sounds
L-shape from behind
28
Q

Vagal indigestion diagnosis

A 
History 
PE
Lab data
Rumen analysis
U/S
Rads
29
Q

abomasum outflow obstruction lab findings

A

Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

30
Q

Vagal indigestion DDx

A

Indigestion
Bloat
Exploratory laparotomy

31
Q

Vagal indigestion prognosis

A

Extremely poor with adhesion formation or neoplasia

Pregnant animals improve

32
Q

Left Abdominal displacement

A

Moves between rumen and left abdominal wall
Any age
Most common lactating dairy cattle

33
Q

LDA Clinical signs

A

Decline in milk

Left sided ping

34
Q

LDA treatment

A

Surgery
Fluid
Rolling

35
Q

RDA

A

Right sided ping

Same as LDA for everything

36
Q

Abomasal volvulus clinical signs

A

Same as normal displacement only more dramatic

37
Q

Treatment of abomasum volvulus

A

More of an emergency than normal displacement

38
Q

Abomasal volvulus prognosis

A

Worse than normal displacement

39
Q

Abomasal Ulceration causes

A

Intense rearing
Stress
concurrent disease
NSAID therapy

40
Q

Non perforated abomasal ulceration

A

With or without hemorrhage

41
Q

Perforated abomasal ulceration

A

Similar to hardware disease

Local or generalized peritonitis

42
Q

Abomasal ulceration clinical signs

A

Similar to hardware
Bleeding non perforating ulcers
-Dark tarry feces

43
Q

abomasal ulceration diagnosis

A

History PE

Lab data

44
Q

abomasal ulceration treatment

A 
High quality forage
Stall confinement
Antibiotic 
Blood transfusion
(No antacid oral meds in adult)
45
Q

abomasal ulceration prognosis

A

Poor if perforated

Good if bleeding but not perforated

46
Q

Why will oral antacid treatment only work in calves

A

Calves do not absorb in rumen so the meds can go to the small intestine

Large Animal Gas (5 decks)

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