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Anatomy Of The Lower Limb > Anterior/posterio Compartment Of Leg, Lateral Compartment Of Leg And Foot > Flashcards

Anterior/posterio Compartment Of Leg, Lateral Compartment Of Leg And Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Compartments of the leg

A 
Anterior compartment (anterior tibial vessels, deep fibular nerve)
Lateral compartment (superficial fibular nerve)
Posterior compartment (deep and superficial: posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve)
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2
Q

Divisions of the Compartments of the Knee

A

Interosseous membrane: Divides anterior compartment with deep posterior compartment

Anterior Crural septum: divides anterior and lateral compartments

Posterior crural septum: divides lateral compartment with deep and superficial posterior compartment

Intermuscular septum: divides deep and superficial posterior compartments

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3
Q

Anatomy of anterior compartment of the leg

A

Muscle Actions: dorsiflexors of the foot, extensors of the digits (also invert and evert)
Nerve: deep fibular nerve
Blood Supply: anterior tibial artery

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4
Q

Trick to remember what muscles are major invertors and evertors of the ankle

A

TibIalis muscle: Invertor (I’s)

Fibularis (pEroneus) muscle: Evertor

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5
Q

Tibialis anterior

Anterior compartment of leg

A

Prox: lateral condyle of the tibia
Distal: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Action: dorsiflexes the ankle and inverts the foot

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6
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

Anterior compartment of leg

A

Prox: lateral condyle of tibia and proximal fibula
Distal: phalanges of toes 2-5
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Action: extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle

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7
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Prox: fibula
Distal: base of distal phalanx of great toe (Hallux)
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Action: extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

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8
Q

Fibularis Tertius

Ant. Compartment of Leg

A

Prox: distal fibula
Distal: 5th metatarsal
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Action: dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

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9
Q

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

A

Extends across tendons superior to the ankle joint

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10
Q

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

A

At level of the ankle joint

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11
Q

Anatomy of the Lateral Compartment of the Leg

A

Muscle: plantar flexors and principal evertors of the foot
Nerve: superficial fibular
Blood supply: no specific artery in this compartment (fibular branch of the posterior tibial artery supplies the compartment)

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12
Q

Fibularis Longus

Lateral compartment of leg

A

prox: fibular head and shaft
Distal: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
innervation: superficial fibular nerve
Action: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes

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13
Q

Fibularis Brevis

Lateral compartment of the leg

A

Prox: distal fibula
Distal: tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
Action: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes

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14
Q

Superficial Fibular Nerve

A

Origin: Common fibular nerve
Arises: btwn fibularis longus and neck of fibular and descends in the lateral compartment of the leg; pierces deep fascia in distal third of leg to become cutaneous
Supplies lateral compartment muscles; skin on distal third of anterior surface of leg and dorsum of foot

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15
Q

Deep Fibular Nerve

A

Origin: common fibular nerve
Arises: btwn fibularis longus and neck of fibula; passes through the extensor digitorum longus and descends on the interosseous membrane; crosses the distal end of the tibia and enters the dorsum of foot
Supplies the anterior compartment of the leg muscles; skin of first interdigital cleft on dorsum of the foot

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16
Q

Anterior Tibial Artery

A

Origin: popliteal artery
Passes between tibia and fibula into anterior compartment through a gap in the superior part of the interosseous membrane and descends on this membrane between the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles
Supplies anterior compartment

17
Q

Anatomy of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Muscles: plantarflexors; 2 flexors of the digits of the foot
Attach: to calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (superficial group); tarsal bones or distal phalanges (deep group)
Nerve: tibial nerve
Blood supply: posterior tibial artery

18
Q

Gastrocnemius

Superior muscle of posterior leg

A

prox: lateral head: lateral condyle of femur
Medial head: medial condyle of femur
Distal: calcaneal tendon
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: plantar flexes the ankle when knee is extended, flexes leg at knee joint

19
Q

Soleus

Superior muscle of posterior leg

A

Prox: soleal line and proximal tibia
Distal: calcaneal tendon
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: plantarflexes ankle

20
Q

Plantaris

Superficial muscle of posterior leg

A

Prox: lateral side of distal femur
Distal: calcaneal tendon
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: weak plantarflexion

21
Q

Popliteus

Deep muscle of posterior leg

A

Prox: lateral epicondyle of femur
Distal: posterior surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: weakly flexes knee; unlocks extended knee

22
Q

Flexor Hallucus Longus

Deep muscle of posterior leg

A

Prox: posterior surface of fibula
Distal: great toe
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: flexes great toe; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

23
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

deep muscle of posterior leg

A

prox: posterior surface of tibia
Distal: phalanges of toes 2-5
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: flexes toes 2-5; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arch

24
Q

Tibialis posterior

deep muscle of posterior leg

A

Prox: posterior surface of tibia and fibula
distal: plantar surface of several tarsal bones
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot

25
Q

Tendons of deep muscles of posterior leg

A

TBD

26
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

Long tendons and principle vessels and nerves from posterior compartment of the leg pass posterior to the medial malleolus, deep to flexor retinaculum to enter the sole of the foot

27
Q

Cutaneous Nerves of the Leg

A

TBD

28
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery

A

terminal branch of popliteal artery; supplies posterior compartment of leg; close to its origin it gives off the fibular artery; terminates distal to the flexor retinaculum by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries

29
Q

Fibular Artery

A

Descends in the posterior compartment of the leg adjacent to the posterior intermuscular septum; besides supplying muscles of the posterior compartment, it has perforating branches that supply muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

30
Q

Palpating the Posterior Tibial Artery

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus

31
Q

FootDrop

A

Injury to the common fibular nerve as a result of fractures off the neck of the fibular, or pressure from casts and splints. Sensory loss occurs down the anterior and lateral sides of leg and dorsum of foot and toes. The muscles of the anterior and lateral compartments are paralyzed
As a result: the antagonist muscles (plantar flexors and invertors) cause the foot to be plantar flexed (foot drop) and inverted

32
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

ischemia of the muscles of the calf

Cramp-like pain during exercise due to insufficient blood supply

Rest corrects oxygen deprivation

33
Q

Shin Splints

A

Edema and pain in the area of the distal 2/3s of the tibia

Results from repetitive micro trauma of the tibialis anterior and small tears in the periosteum covering the body of the tibia

34
Q

Muscles of the Dorsum of the Foot

A

Originate from the calcaneus
Insert into the digits
Action is extension
Nerve supply is the deep fibular nerve

35
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Dorsum of foot

A

Prox: calcaneus
Distal: long extensor tendons of toes 2-4
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Action: aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four lateral toes

36
Q

Extensor hallicus brevis

Dorsum of the foot

A

Prox: calcaneus
Distal: phalanx of the great toe
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Action: aids extensor hallicus longus in extending the great toe

37
Q

Clinic: Extensor digitorum brevis

A

Gained popularity based on it’s reliability in covering lower extremity wounds. It’s small. However, it has a reliable vascular pedicle and when elevated as a flap can provide stable coverage of the distal foot and anterior, medial or lateral ankle. The muscle has also been harvested and utilized as a microvascular muscle transplant to prove coverage in open wounds. It’s particularly useful for reconstruction of the hand and fasciae areas, which suffer from reconstruction with tissue, which isn’t pliable or bulky enough

38
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

A

Anterior tibial artery continues on the Dorsum of the foot and is rename

Ends by dividing into arcuate and larger deep plantar artery

Artery can be palpated lateral to the extensor hallicus longus tendon

Palpating can be useful when assessing peripheral vascular disease

39
Q

Nerve Supply to Skin of Dorsum of the foot

A

TBD

Anatomy Of The Lower Limb (5 decks)

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