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Reproduction and Sexual Health > Anatomy 7 - Breast Anatomy and Histology > Flashcards

Anatomy 7 - Breast Anatomy and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What types of tissue are present in the breast?

A

Secretory
Adipose
Dense fibrous

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2
Q

What type of glands are the mammary glands very similar to?

A

Sweat glands

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3
Q

What makes up the mammary glands?

A

Series of ducts and 15-25 secretory lobules

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4
Q

What makes up each lobule?

A

A compound tubulo-acinar gland (i.e. multiple branches serve a single lobule)

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5
Q

How does the mammary gland drain?

A

Each alveoli in the lobule is drained by one lactiferous duct
The ducts converge at the nipple

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6
Q

What is the connective tissue stroma (that surrounds the breast) made of?

A

Fibrous tissue

Fatty tissue

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7
Q

What does the fibrous stroma converge to form?

A

Suspensory ligaments of Cooper

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8
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligaments of Cooper?

A

Attach breasts to dermis and pectoral fascia

Separate the secretory lobules of the breast

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9
Q

What does the base of the breast lie on?

A

Pectoral fascia

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10
Q

Where is the retromammary space?

A

Between the breast and pectoral fascia

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11
Q

What is the lactiferous sinus?

A

Expanded duct region that connects lactiferous duct to the nipple

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12
Q

What type of lining epithelium is present in larger ducts?

A

Columnar

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13
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the secretory epithelium?

A

Cuboidal or low columnar

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14
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A

Contractile cells that ‘squeeze’ out milk from secretory cells into the duct

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15
Q

Where are the myoepithelial cells found?

A

Between the secretory cells and the basement membrane

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16
Q

What type of epithelium covers the nipple?

A

Highly pigmented keratinised squamous epithelium

17
Q

What types of tissue make up the nipple?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue (fibrocollagenous) mixed with bundles of smooth muscle

18
Q

What type of epithelium lines the duct as it approaches the surface of the breast?

A

Stratified squamous

19
Q

What type of epithelium lines the duct deep to the surface of the breast?

A

Stratified columnar

20
Q

What is the difference between sebaceous glands on the breast vs sebaceous glands on the skin?

A

Breast - glands end directly on skin

Skin - oil follows hair follicle

21
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle?

A

Epithelial cells increase in height
Lumina of ducts enlarge
Small secretions in ducts

22
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Elongation and branching of small ducts

Proliferation - epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells

23
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during the second trimester of pregnancy?

A

Glandular tissue developing
Differentiation of secretory alveoli
Plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate nearby connective tissue

24
Q

What changes occur in the mammary gland during the third trimester of pregnancy?

A

Secretory alveoli continue to mature

Development of rER

25
Q

Overall, what are the changes in the amounts of tissue during pregnancy?

A

Reduction - connective and adipose

Increase - secretory

26
Q

What hormones stimulate the proliferation of adipose tissue during pregnancy?

A

Oestrogen

Progesterone

27
Q

What is the composition of human milk?

A 
88% water
1.5% protein
3.5% lipid
7% carbohydrate
Ions
Vitamins
IgA
28
Q

What are the 2 proteins mainly found in milk?

A

Lactalbumin

Casein

29
Q

What is the main carbohydrate found in milk?

A

Lactose

30
Q

How is the fat component of milk secreted?

A

Apocrine secretion

31
Q

What is apocrine secretion?

A

Secretions are ‘budded’ off, surrounded by membrane and carrying cytoplasm

32
Q

How is the protein component of milk secreted?

A

Merocrine secretion

33
Q

What is merocrine secretion?

A

Proteins made in rER

Secreted when vesicles merge with apical membrane

34
Q

What happens to the secretory cells of the breast during menopause?

A

Secretory cells degenerate

Leaving only ducts

35
Q

What happens to the connective tissue of the breast during menopause?

A

Fewer fibroblasts

Reduced collagen and connective fibres

Reproduction and Sexual Health (18 decks)

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