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Biopsych year 2 > Anatomical references > Flashcards

Anatomical references Flashcards

1
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is ANTERIOR

A

Pointing to the NOSE

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2
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is DORSAL

A

Pointing upwards

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3
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is POSTERIOR

A

Pointing to TAIL END

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4
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is VENTRAL

A

Pointing DOWNWARDS towards toes

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5
Q

In CNS terms where is ANTERIOR

A

Pointing upwatds

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6
Q

In CNS terms where is POSTERIOR

A

Pointing towards TOES

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7
Q

In CNS terms where is DORSAL

A

Pointing towards tail end

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8
Q

In CNS terms where is VENTRAL

A

Pointing towards NOSE

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9
Q

Which is MEDIAL

A

Closer towards spine

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10
Q

Which is LATERAL

A

Further away from spine

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11
Q

ipislateral is

A

Same sided

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12
Q

Bilateral is

A

Both sided

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13
Q

Contralateral is

A

Opposite sided

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14
Q

ANATOMICAL PLANE OF REFERENCE: Midsigittal

A

Equal left & right halves. Through all the brain left to right

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15
Q

ANATOMICAL PLANE OF REFERENCE: Coronal

A

From Dorsal to Ventral (top to bottom) downwards through middle

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16
Q

ANATOMICAL PLANE OF REFERENCE: Transverse

A

Anterior to Posterior through middle

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17
Q

CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Peripheral NS consists of

A

motor & sensory nerves

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19
Q

Somatic NS (PNS)
What?
a) Efferent nerves?
b) afferent nerves?

A

carries info to and from CNS

a) exits CNS i.e. carries motor signals from CNS to skeletal muscle
b) approaches CNS i.e. carries sensory info to spinal cord

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20
Q

Cranial nerves

A

nerves which emerge from the brainand relay info to other parts of the body

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21
Q

Autonomic NS

A

parasympathetic nerves: Relaxation

sympathetic nerves: mobilise energy

22
Q

three types of neuron

A

Bipolar
Unipolar
Multipolar

23
Q

Neuroanatomical struture & neurons

a) clusters of cells are called what in CNS & PNS
b) bundles of axons “

A

a) CNS: nuclei, PNS: Ganglia

b) CNS: tract, PNS: nerves

24
Q

four main protections from injury & infection in the CNS

A

Blood brain barrier
bone
Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid

25
Q

Meninges

a) what
b) order

A

a) protective layers between skull & CNS

b) skull - dura matter - arachnoid membrane - subarachnoid space - pia matter - brain

26
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • ventricular system
  • runs along brain
  • “bladders”; canals in CNS (ventricles) which the CSF is produced and distributed
27
Q

5 major fully developed brain divisions

A

1) telencephalon
2) Diencephalon
3) mesencephalon
4) metencephalon
5) myelencephalon
(6) spinal cord)

28
Q

spinal cord

a) what
b) routes

A

a) carries messages between brain and body

b) dorsal route: carries info to the spinal cord & ventral route: carries info away from spinal cord

29
Q

Myelencephalon

A

aka medulla
back of brain; tracts connect brain with the rest of the body
Also has reticular formation tracts

30
Q

Reticular formation

A 
set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem
sleep 
arousal
attention
movement
31
Q

metencephalon

A

reticular formation tracts
2 major divisions…
Pons (relay system from brain to cerebellum & medulla)
Cerebellum (sensorimotor, cog function)

32
Q

Mesencephalon

A

2 divisions

a) tagmentum: reward, motor function, rectucualr formation & grey matter
b) tectum: visual & auditory info

33
Q

tegmentum

A

red nucleus
periaqueductual gray
reticular formation
substantia nigra

34
Q

tectum

A

superior (visual) & inferior (auditory) colliculi

35
Q

Diencephalon

A

Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus

36
Q

telencephelon

A

outer layer of brain i.e. parietal, temporal, occipital & frontal lobe

37
Q

Deeper grooves in cortex

A

fissures

38
Q

smaller grooves in cortex

A

Sulcus

39
Q

fat bits in cortex

A

gyrus

40
Q

another way of naming brain areas

A

by the info they receive

41
Q

primary areas

A

first ones to receive the info, ie info from outside the cortex

42
Q

secondary areas

A

receive projections from primary areas

interpretation of sensory info & organisation of motor movement

43
Q

tertiary area

A

coordination & connection of secondary areas

44
Q

Limbic system (6)

A

1) hippocampus
2) cingulate gyrus
3) mammilary bodies
4) amygdala
5) fornix
6) septum

45
Q

what is the limbic system’s main role

A 
regulation of the four f's 
1)feeding
2)fucking
3)fleeing
4)fighting
~~motivated behaviour
46
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia

A

regulation of voluntary movement

47
Q

basal ganglia (4)

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
4) nucleus accumbens

48
Q

CT scan

A
  • structural imaging
  • X rays sent at different angles around the skull
  • Use: tumors, structural problems & internal bleeding
49
Q

MRI

A
  • structural imaging
  • magnetic field applied to hydrogen atoms to make them face the same way
  • when the magnet stopped = relaxation
  • the time it takes for the atoms to go back to normal identifies the density of the tissue
    a) low density: light
    b) high density: dark
50
Q

PET (positron emission technology)

A
  • functional imaging
  • inject patient with substance
  • the substance goes around the whole body & mainly to areas with high energy demand
  • the substance then breaks down & positive electrons are then emitted
  • these positive electrons are then picked up by the machine
  • the picture then shows the location of the tracer
51
Q

fMRI

A
  • uses oxygen flow to active areas of the brain & the magnetic properties of the iron in the blood
  • oxygenated blood accumulates in the areas in use
  • BOLD signal created

Biopsych year 2 (9 decks)

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