Pages: 10-11 (Lungs) - 7%

Question 1

Patient presents with a productive/rusty brown sputum cough for around 10 days and fever. Percussion is dull; rales; increased tactile fremitus and consolidation of the lung is present. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Friedlander’s Pneumonia
b. ) Lobar Pneumonia
c. ) Tuberculosis
d. ) Pneumocystis Carinii

Answer 1

b.) Lobar Pneumonia

Question 2

This condition is caused by a yeast/fungus infection. Most commonly see in AIDS patients…?

a. ) Friedlander’s Pneumonia
b. ) Lobar Pneumonia
c. ) Tuberculosis
d. ) Pneumocystis Carinii

Answer 2

d.) Pneumocystis Carinii

Question 3

This condition is caused by CMV. Most commonly see in AIDS patients…?

Answer 3

Cytomegalovirus

Question 4

Patient presents with low-grade fever, night sweats, productive/yellow-green sputum cough. Has small white lesions called Ghon lesions seen on x-ray. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Friedlander’s Pneumonia
b. ) Lobar Pneumonia
c. ) Tuberculosis
d. ) Pneumocystis Carinii

Answer 4

c.) Tuberculosis

• Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Positive Tine test/ Mantoux test, Purified Protein Derivative
• Most definitive test for diagnosis is sputum culture.

Question 5

Patient presents with stabbing chest pain worsened by respiration with a dry/non-productive cough. Percussion is dull, has decreased respiratory excursion and decreased tactile fremitus. Friction rub is present. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Asthma
b. ) Atelectasis
c. ) Pleurisy
d. ) Pneumothorax

Answer 5

c.) Pleurisy

• Inflammation of the pleura, usually producing an exudative pleural effusion.
• Positive Schepelmann’s Test

Question 6

Patient presents with a ruptured lung causing hit to become trapped in the pleural space. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Asthma
b. ) Atelectasis
c. ) Pleurisy
d. ) Pneumothorax

Answer 6

d. ) Pneumothorax

- Can occur in young, previously healthy individuals (spontaneous)

Question 7

Patient presents with a collapsed lung that is the result of bronchial obstruction due to a mucous plug. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Asthma
b. ) Atelectasis
c. ) Pleurisy
d. ) Pneumothorax

Answer 7

b.) Atelectasis

Question 8

Patient presents with irreversible focal bronchial dilation associated with a chronic, productive cough. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Bronchiectasis
b. ) Emphysema
c. ) Chronic bronchitis
d. ) Costochondritis

Answer 8

a.) Bronchiectasis

Question 9

Patient presents with shortness of breath and wheezing caused by a long-term cough with mucous, most commonly due to cigarette smoking. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Bronchiectasis
b. ) Emphysema
c. ) Chronic bronchitis
d. ) Costochondritis

Answer 9

c. ) Chronic bronchitis (aka: COPD)

- Long term exposure to other things such as chemical fumes, dust and other substance may also cause this.

Question 10

This condition is a type I hypersensitivity reaction that is usually triggered by airborne allergens, which cause bronchospasm constricting airways. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Asthma
b. ) Atelectasis
c. ) Pleurisy
d. ) Pneumothorax

Answer 10

a.) Asthma

• Eosinophils and IgE rise
• Labs: Curshmann’s spirals and Charcot Laden Crystals (crystals and spirals in sputum from IgE)

Question 11

Patient presents with destruction of the elastic pulmonary connective tissue, which results in permanent dilation of the alveoli air sacs. This condition is caused by a deficiency of alpha-1 anti-trypsin. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Bronchiectasis
b. ) Emphysema
c. ) Chronic bronchitis
d. ) Costochondritis

Answer 11

b.) Emphysema

Question 12

This is a primary malignant lung tumor that starts in the area of the bronchus. Commonly seen in patients with a long-term history of smoking (20-30 years). What condition does this patient have…?

Answer 12

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

• Patient presents with coughing (non-productive) more than 30 days, afebrile, dyspnea, and wight loss.

Question 13

Patient presents with inflammation of the cartilage connection between the ribs and sternum. It develops as a consequence of physical activity and is worse with exercise. The pain will increase while taking a deep breath (inspiration). What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Bronchiectasis
b. ) Emphysema
c. ) Chronic bronchitis
d. ) Costochondritis

Answer 13

d.) Costochondritis

• There will be palpable tenderness at the 3rd, 4th, or 5th costosternal articulation.
• Similar to Tietze Syndrome, which affects only one articulation and radiates pain.
• Can be chronic

Question 14

This is a disease in which abnormal collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) form as nodules. Most often appear in the lungs or lymph nodes. Most commonly seen in African descent in the US. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Bronchitis
b. ) Bronchiectasis
c. ) Sarcoidosis
d. ) Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 14

c.) Sarcoidosis

Question 15

This is a cancer of the lymphatic system that can spread to the spleen. Presents with fever, night sweats, weight loss, intense parities (release of IgE), and enlarged spleen. Most commonly seen in young Caucasian males. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Sarcoidosis
b. ) Hodgkin’s lymphoma
c. ) Bronchiectasis
d. ) Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 15

b. ) Hodgkin’s lymphoma

- Best diagnosed from biopsy.

Question 16

Patient presents with chronic, progressive, and frequently fatal genetic disease of the body’s mucous glands. Results in thick accumulations of mucus in the intestine (Meconium ileus) and lungs. What condition does this patient have…?

a. ) Sarcoidosis
b. ) Bronchiectasis
c. ) Hodgkin’s lymphoma
d. ) Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 16

d.) Cystic Fibrosis

• COPD (barrel chest)
• Glands produce or secrete sweat and/or mucus
• Loss of excessive amounts of salt (sweat test)
• Pancreatic insufficiency