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Boards Studying > Chp 3- Laboratory Tests And Values > Flashcards

Chp 3- Laboratory Tests And Values Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary measured of myocardial infarction?

A

Rise and fall of cardiac troponin > 99th percentile, and it must include one of the following:

1) symptoms of ischemia
2) new or presumed new ST changes on ECG
3) development of pathological Q waves
4) new loss of viable myocardium and/or new wall motion abnormality on imaging
5) evidence of intracoronary thrombus

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2
Q

What are serum lipids used for?

A

Used to determine coronary risk

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3
Q

What does are normal PaO2 levels?

A

-between 90-100 mmHg

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4
Q

What does an decrease in PaO2 levels indicate?

A

cardiac decompensation

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5
Q

What are normal PaCO2 levels?

A

35-45 mmHg

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6
Q

What does an increase in PaCO2 levels indicate?

A

COPD, hypoventilation

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7
Q

What does a decrease in PaCO2 levels indicate?

A

Hyperventilation, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, and anxiety

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8
Q

What are normal pH levels?

A

7.35-7.45

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9
Q

What creates an increase in pH level?

A
  • respiratory alkalosis: hyperventilation, sepsis, liver disease, fever
  • metabolic alkalosis: vomiting, potassium depletion, diuretics, volume depletion
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10
Q

What is are the normal values for Prothrombin Time?

A

11-15 seconds

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11
Q

When does Prothombin time increase?

A
  • Factor X deficiency

- hemorrhagic disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis drugs

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12
Q

What are the normal values for partial thromboplastin time?

A

25-40 seconds

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13
Q

When does PTT increase?

A

-Factor VIII, Factor IX, and Factor X deficiency

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14
Q

What are the typical ranges for international normalized ratio (INR)

A

.09-1.1

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15
Q

What type of patients will have a target INR of 2-3?

A

-patients with DVT, PE, mechanical valves, AF on anticoagulation therapy

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16
Q

What type of patients will have an INR target of 3.5?

A

-similar patients but with genetic clotting disorders

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17
Q

What is normal bleeding time?

A

2-10 min

18
Q

What are normal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels?

A

< 10 mg/L

19
Q

When do bleeding time or CRP levels increase?

A
  • with platelet disorders or thrombocytopenia
20
Q

What are increased levels of CRP associated with?

A

Increased risk of atherosclerosis

21
Q

What are CRP levels of >100 mg/L associated with?

A

Inflammation and infection

22
Q

What are white blood cells indicative of, and what are the normal ranges?

A
  • status of immune system

- 4300-10800 cells/mm3

23
Q

When do you see an increase in WBCs?

A
  • infection: bacterial, viral
  • inflammation
  • hematologist malignancy
  • Leukemia
  • lymphoma drugs (corticosteroids)
24
Q

When do you see a decrease in WBCs?

A
  • aplastic anemia
  • B12
  • folate deficiency
25
Q

PT’s should use a mask with their patients when their WBCs are…

A

<1000-2000 or absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <500-1000

26
Q

What are typical red blood cell (RBCs) ranges for men and women?

A

Male: 4.6-6.2 10^6/uL
Female: 4.2-5.9 10^6/uL

27
Q

When do you see an increase in RBCs?

A

Polycythemia

28
Q

When do you see a decrease in RBCs?

A

Anemia

29
Q

What are the ranges for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

A
  • Male < 15 mm/hr

- Female <20 mm/hr

30
Q

When do you see an increase in ESR?

A
  • infection and inflammation
31
Q

What are typical ranges of hematocrit (Hct) % of RBC of the whole blood?

A

Male: 45-52%
Female: 37-48%

32
Q

When do Hct% of RBC levels increase?

A
  • erythrocytosis
  • dehydration
  • shock
33
Q

When do Hct% of RBC decrease?

A
  • severe anemias

- acute hemorrhage

34
Q

What are typical hemoglobin (Hgb) ranges?

A

Male: 13-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL

35
Q

When do hemoglobin levels increase?

A
  • polycythemia
  • dehydration
  • shock
36
Q

When do hemoglobin levels decrease?

A
  • anemias
  • prolonged hemorrhage
  • RBC destruction
37
Q

What are typical platelet level counts?

A

150,000-450,000 cells/mm^3

38
Q

When does platelet count decrease?

A
  • Chronic leukemia

- hemoconcentration

39
Q

When does platelet count decrease?

A
  • thrombocytopenia
  • acute leukemia
  • aplastic anemia
  • cancer chemotherapy
40
Q

If a patient has platelet counts of <20,000, what can you do with them?

A
  • AROM and ADLs only
41
Q

If a patient has platelet count of 20,000-30,000, what can you do with them?

A

Light exercise only

42
Q

If a patient has platelet count of 30k-50k, what can you do with them?

A

Moderate exercise

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