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Organic chemistry > Amines + Amides > Flashcards

Amines + Amides Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics Amines?

A

Derived from Ammonia –> 1 or more Hydrogen replaced by a C Chain ( Alkyl substitution )

Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Amine

Quaternary Amine –> Ammonium Salt

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2
Q

Preparation of Amines ?

A

Ammonia + Alkyl Halide

Nucleophilic attack on the Carbon atom by Ammonia

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3
Q

Reactions of Primary Amines?

A
  1. Salt formation –> act as bases
  2. Amide formation –> Acylation (RCO) –> ALK + 1. Amine
  3. Elimination of Ammonia –> Non oxidative Deamination
  4. Reactions with Nitrous acid
    With 1. Aliphatic amines –> + Heat = Alkohol+ N2
    With 1. Aromatic amines –> + Phenols = Diazonium Salts –> AZO Dyes
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4
Q

Reactions of Secondary Amines ?

A

+ Nitrous acid –> Nitrosamines (yellow)

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5
Q

Nitrosamines

A

Food preservative with Nitrites

Animal carcinogen

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6
Q

Important derivatives ?

A 
Ethanolamine
Choline
Acetylcholine
Succinylcholine
Aniline  
Benzidine
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7
Q

Ethanolamine?

A

Colamine

Constituent of Phospholipids

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8
Q

Choline?

A

Quaternary ammonium ion
Important for biological Processes
Component of Lecithins –> must be supplied by Diet

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9
Q

Acetylcholine?

A

Acetic acid ester of Choline
Liberated at junctions btw. nerve cells –> Receptor
ACh Receptor –> Target of deadly known Neurotoxins

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10
Q

Achetylcholinesterase?

A

Degradation of ACh Molecule before new Potential arrives

–> Serine Esterase

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11
Q

Serine Esterase

A

Irreversably inhibited by toxic esters of Phosphoric acid

Block the alkcohol group of serine in the active center

(Organophosphates)

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12
Q

Insecticides?

A

Parathion

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13
Q

Tabun / Sarin ?

A

Military nerve gases

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14
Q

Succinylcholine Medicine

A

Muscle relaxant during surgery

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15
Q

How does Succinylcholine operate?

A

It is slowly hydrolyzed –> Leads to Depolarization

Persistent but reversible!

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16
Q

Aniline

A 
Colourless liquid 
Aromatic odour 
Intermediate in Dyestuff Production 
Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals 
Shoe polish 
Resins
17
Q

Aniline Reactions

A

With acids –> Ammonium Salt (Aniline Hydrochloride)

18
Q

Aniline Medicine

A

Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals
Absorbed through skin
1. Operates with acetic acid to Amide acetanilide –> Urine
2. Oxidation to Phenylhydroxyamine and Nitrobenzene

19
Q

Benzidine

A

White, crystalline Powder
Intermediate for the synthesis of dyes for cotton
Benzidine blue –> Test for Peroxidases
Carcinogen –> Rarely used

20
Q

What are Peroxidases ?

A

Substances cleaving Hydrogen Peroxide
Peroxidases can contain a heme cofactor in their active sites

Peroxidasen sind Enzyme, welche die Reduktion von Peroxiden (meist Wasserstoffperoxid) katalysieren

21
Q

Biologically active amines

A

Derivatives of amino acids
Involve Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Inactivation –> oxidative deamination

Influence the CNS

Phenylethylamine
Ephedrine
Mescaline
Amphetamine
Phenmetrazine
22
Q

What are the decarboxylated products of Tyrosine/ Tryptophane/ Histidine

A

Dopamin and Catecholamine Derivatives

–> Serotonin + Histamine

23
Q

Phenethylamine

A

Parent substance of sympathomimetic amines

24
Q

Effect of sympathomimetica

A

They mimic or interfere with the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system by affecting the release or action of norepinephrine and epinephrine

25
Q

Ephedrine

A

Ephedra vulgaris -> Bronchial asthma (Stimulates CNS)

26
Q

Mescaline

A

Mescal Buttons of Dumpling cactus

Hallucinations

27
Q

Amphetamine

A

Synthetic
CNS -> Increases alertness, irritability, fell less tired
But then: Depression, Fatigue

28
Q

Phenmetrazine

A

Prevent overeating (Anorexia)

29
Q

Characteristics Amides?

A

Amides are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group, and in an amide the -OH part of that group is replaced by an -NH2 group.

–> -CONH2 Group
(Or derived from 1./2. Amines)

30
Q

Imide?

A

Di Acyl derivatives of Ammonia (RCO)2NH

Di Acyl derivatives of 1. Amines (RCO)2NR´

31
Q

Lactams?

A

Cyclic amides

from gamma and delta aminos + Heat

32
Q

Peptide bond ?

A

Aminoacid residues linkage

33
Q

Formation of Peptide bonds ?

A

Removal of water between alpha amino group
and and alpha carboxyl group

of 2 Aminoacids

Organic chemistry (16 decks)

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