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Year 3 - Drug Profiles > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

what type of drug is amitriptyline?

A

tricyclic antidepressant

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2
Q

how do tricyclic antidepressants work?

A

inhibit neuronal reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline thereby increasing
their availability for neurotransmission

(Also block receptors including muscarinics, histamine, alpha-adrenergic, dopamine)

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3
Q

what are the indications to take tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Depressive illness, neuropathic pain

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4
Q

what are the contraindications to taking tricyclic antidepressants?

A

MI, arrhythmia, epilepsy, raised IOP, prostatic hypertrophy

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5
Q

what are the side effects of amitriptyline?

A

Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, sedation, hypotension, arrhythmias, ECG changes, convulsions, hallucinations, mania, breast changes, sexual dysfunction, extrapyramidal symptoms

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6
Q

what are the interactions with amitriptyline?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (together cause hypertension, hyperthermia or serotonin syndrome)

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7
Q

what type of drug is citalopram?

A

SSRI

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8
Q

how do SSRIs work?

A

(SSRIs) preferentially inhibit
neuronal reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft, thereby
increasing its availability for neurotransmission

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9
Q

what are the indications to take SSRIs?

A

Moderate-to-severe depression, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder

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10
Q

what are the contraindications to taking SSRIs?

A

Epilepsy, peptic ulcer disease, young people, self-harm/suicidal thought, reduce dose in hepatic impairment

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11
Q

what are the side effects of SSRIs?

A

GI upset, appetite and weight disturbance, hyponatraemia (esp in elderly), suicidal thoughts and behaviours increased, lower seizure threshold, prolong QT interval, increase risk of bleeding

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12
Q

what are the interactions with SSRIs?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (both increase serotonin levels and precipitate serotonin syndrome); aspirin/NSAIDS (increased risk of GI bleed – provide gastroprotection); anticoagulants (increased risk of bleeding)

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13
Q

What class of drug is diazepam?

A

benzodiazepine

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14
Q

how do benzodiazepines work?

A

Target GABAa receptor (chloride channel which opens when bound to GABA – main inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain) – facilitate and enhance binding of GABA to GABAa receptor, has widespread depressant effect on synaptic transmission

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15
Q

what are the indications to take benzodiazepines?

A

Seizures and status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, sedation for interventional procedures (when general anaesthesia unneccesary/undesirable), short term treatment of extreme anxiety and insomnia

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16
Q

what are the contraindications to taking benzodiazepines?

A

Avoid in significant respiratory impairment or neuromuscular disease (myasthenia gravis), avoid in liver failure (cause hepatic encephalopathy

17
Q

what are the side effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Dose-dependant drowsiness, sedation and coma, loss of airway reflexes can lead to airway obstruction, can develop dependance

18
Q

what are the interactions with benzodiazepines?

A

Opioids and other sedatives (additive effect)

cytochrome P450
inhibitors (e.g. amiodarone, diltiazem, macrolides, fluconazole, protease
inhibitors) may increase their effects.

19
Q

what type of drug is Donepezil?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

20
Q

how does donepezil work?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor leading to increased concentration of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses (relatively specific for brain)

21
Q

what are the indications to take donepezil?

A

Mild-to-moderate dementia in Alzheimer’s disease

22
Q

what are the contraindications to taking donepezil?

A

Sick sinus syndrome or other supraventricular conduction abnormalities; susceptibility to peptic ulcers; asthma, COPD, concomitanat antipsychotic treatment

23
Q

what are the side effects of donezepil?

A

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, fatigue, insomnia, headache, dizziness syncope, abnormal dreams, hallucinations, agitation, aggression, muscle cramps, urinary incontinence, rash, pruritis

Year 3 - Drug Profiles (9 decks)

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