Common Cold

Question 1

icubation period of common cold

Answer 1

1-3 days , can be transmitted

Question 2

transmission of the common cold

Answer 2

contaminated skin surface or environmental surface
aerosols in the air
direct hit by large particles

Question 3

risk factors for common cold

Answer 3

smoking - damages cilia
allergic  disorders affecting nose or pharynx
increased pop density 
sedentary lifestyle 
chronic stress

Question 4

pahtogenesis of common cold

Answer 4

virus binds to receptors on nasal epithelial cells, virus replicates and infected cells rupture triggering host defence mechanism. release of inflammatory mediators cause vasodilation and icnreas vascular permeability in the sinus tissue, cholinergic stimulation as well

Question 5

stages of a cold

Answer 5

starts with sore throat and dry unproductive cough for about 2 days
later get a productive ough due to body clearing mucus and postnasal drip syndrome

Question 6

differential diagnosis of common cold

Answer 6

sinusitis
pharyngitis
influenza

Question 7

difference of duration in AR and cold

Answer 7

ar - weeks to months immediately after exposure

cold - 7-10 days with gradual appearance

Question 8

difference of nasal secretions in AR and cold

Answer 8

ar- watery clear

cold - clear and watery then thich and white

Question 9

different symptoms between AR and cold

Answer 9

AR- itchy, allergic shiner, nose crease

cold - cough, fever, aches, pains, sore throat

Question 10

red flags for common cold

Answer 10

fever over 38.5 and more than 3 days 
chest pain, difficult breathing
green yellow discharge
under 1 (otitis media) 
resp conditions
elderly 
severe throat pain 
prolonged congestion with discharge 
sever head ache and neck pain
dehydration

Question 11

treatment goals for colds

Answer 11

prevent transmission

reduce bothersome symptoms

Question 12

non pharms for a cold

Answer 12

increase fluid intake
avoid smoking
hand washing 
increase humidy 
salt water gargle 
bed rest
normal saline
hot fluids

Question 13

how can a first gen AH help in a cold

Answer 13

anticholinergic effects dries nasal mucosa
useful for congestion, zneezing, and runny nose
post nasal drip

Question 14

how does normal saline help in a cold

Answer 14

lossen thick nasal mucus

Question 15

should you use topical antitussive

Answer 15

evidence lacking and may cause air flow resistance in nasal cavity only use on chest

Question 16

when should you use systemic analgesics

Answer 16

aches or fever associated with colds

Question 17

why should you use north american ginseng - cold fx

Answer 17

reduce duration of cold only if used for 4 months does not treat
only safe in healthy adults a lot of contraindications

Question 18

how can honey help a cold

Answer 18

cough suppresant
has a soothign effect
avoid if immunocompromised and under 1
make sure pasteurized

Question 19

treatment for chilldren under 6

Answer 19

no cough and cold products!
increase cluid intake
normal saline or bulb
humidity

Question 20

how to use the rubber bulb

Answer 20

squeeze to expel air 
insert into nostril pointing toward back and side 
release buld to suction mucous 
remove syringe and empty onto a tissue 
clean with soap and water

Question 21

what to tell patients about no longer using cough and cold products in under 6

Answer 21

risk vs benefit doesnt warrant use
adverse effects to to confusion of dosing
have been convulsions and death