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Cardiovascular RT > Clinical Findings > Flashcards

Clinical Findings Flashcards

1
Q

what arrhythmia has an irregular irregular pulse?

A

atrial fibrillation

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2
Q

what heart valve defect has a slow-rising pulse?

A

aortic stenosis

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3
Q

what hear valve defect has a collapsing pulse?

A

aortic regurgitaiton

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4
Q

what 3 major conditions give a bounding pulse?

A

acute CO2 retention, hepatic failure, sepsi

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5
Q

what condition give a radial-femoral delay?

A

co-arction of the aorta

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6
Q

what 2 conditions give a jerky pulse?

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

mitral regurgitation

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7
Q

what 2 conditions give pulsus bisferiens?

ie a bifid pulse

A

mixed aortic disease

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

what 2 conditions give pulsus paradoxus?

ie large decrease in pulse volume during inspiration

A

cardiac tamponade

constrictive pericarditis

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9
Q

what condition gives a raised, fixed JVP?

A

superior vena cava, obstruction

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10
Q

what condition gives a JVP rising on inspiration?

A

cardiac tamponade

constrictive pericarditis

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11
Q

what gives large ‘v’ waves in the JVP?

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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12
Q

what gives absent ‘a’ waves in the JVP?

A

atrial fibrillation

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13
Q

what 3 major conditions give cannon ‘a’ waves in the JVP?

A

complete heart block
AV dissociation
ventricular arrhythmias (eg VT)

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14
Q

what heart valve abnormality gives you a wide pulse pressure?

A

aortic regurgiation

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15
Q

what heart valve abnormality gives you a narrow pulse pressure?

A

aortic stenosis

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16
Q

what murmur is a rumbling mid-diastolic murmur heard best at the apex?

A

mitral stenosis

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17
Q

what murmur is a pansystolic murmur at apex, radiating to carotids?

A

mitral regurgitation

18
Q

what murumur is a ejection systolic murmur heard best in the aortic area?

A

aortic stenosis

19
Q

what murmur is an early diastolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal edge?
(best heard in expiration leaning froward)

A

aortic regurgitation

20
Q

what murmur is a harsh pansystolic murmur head best at the left sternal edge?

A

ventricular septal defect

21
Q

what murmur gives a tapping apex beat?

A

mitral stenosis

22
Q

what murmurs give a displace, volume overloaded, apex beat?

A

mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation

23
Q

what murmur gives a heaving undisplaced apex beat?

A

aortic stenosis

24
Q

what heart valve abnormality is associated with malar flush?

A

mitral stenosis

25
Q

what heart valve abnormality is associated with pulsatile hepatomegaly?

A

tricuspid regurgitation

26
Q

what heart valve abnormality is associated with carotid pulsation? (corrigans signs)

A

aortic regurgitation

27
Q

what heart valve abnormality is associated with head nodding? (de Mussets sign)

A

aortic regurgitation

28
Q

what heart valve abnormality is associated with capillary pulsations in nail bed? (quincke’s sign)

A

aortic regurgitation

29
Q

what condition is associated with roth spots, janeway lesions and osler nodes?

A

infective endocarditis

30
Q

what congenital heart defect gives a continuous ‘machinery’ murmur best heard below left clavicle?

A

PDA

31
Q

when do patients with tranposition of the great vessels become cyanosed?

A

first day of life

32
Q

when do patients with tetralogy of fallot become cyanosed?

A

first month of life

33
Q

on an ECG, what does a ‘saw-tooth’ pattern with normal complexes suggest?

A

atrial flutter

34
Q

on an ECG what does absent ‘p’ waves suggest?

A

atrial fibrillation

or sino-atrial block

35
Q

on an ECG what does a bifid ‘p’ wave suggest?

A

left atrial hypertrophy

eg due to mitral stenosis

36
Q

on an ECG what does a peaked ‘p’ wave suggest?

A

right atrial hypertrophy (eg due to pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis)

37
Q

on an ECG what does ST depression show?

A

myocardial ischaemia

38
Q

on an ECG what does ST elevation show?

A

acute MI

or left ventricular aneurysm

39
Q

on an ECG, what does ‘saddle’-shaped ST elevation show?

A

acute constrictive pericarditis

40
Q

on an ECG what does s1q3t3 pattern suggest?
deep S waves lead 1
Q waves in lead 3
inverted T waves in lead 3

A

pulmonary embolism

but rare finding

41
Q

on an ECG, what does tall tented ‘t’ waves and wide QRS complex suggest?

A

hyperkalaemia

42
Q

on an ECG, what does flattened ‘t’ waves and prominent ‘U’ waves suggest?

A

hypokalaemia

Cardiovascular RT (12 decks)

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