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MSK Assessment 3 > Upper Limb Part 1 > Flashcards

Upper Limb Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The axillary region of the upper limb is bound by

A

Apex, base and 4 walls

Apex is the cervico-axillary canal: passageway from neck to axilla

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2
Q

Muscles, vessels and innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm are the
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm are the

A

Flexors, brachial artery, musculocutaneous nerve

Extensors, deep brachial artery, radial nerve

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3
Q

The cubital fossa boundaries

A

Triangular depression on anterior surface of elbow
Lateral- brachioradialis m
Superior- line from medial epicondyle to lateral epicondyle
Medial- pronator teres m

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4
Q

Cubital fossa contents

And what superficial vein passes over the cubital fossa?

A

End of the brachial artery
Tendon of biceps brachii m
Median nerve
Radial nerve

Median cubital vein

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5
Q

Anterior compartment of the forearm muscles, vessels, innervation

A

Flexors and pronators
Radial and ulnar aa
Median and ulnar n

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6
Q

Posterior compartment of the forearm muscles, vessels, innervation

A

Extensors and supinators
Posterior interosseus a
Radial n

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7
Q

The carpal tunnel

A

Tunnel between carpal bones (floor/walls) and flexor retinaculum (roof)
It contains the tendons of: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus
Contains the median nerve

Clinical relevance: Pressure in tunnel can compress the median nerve

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8
Q

What travels in the radial groove of the humerus

A

The radial nerve and deep artery of the arm travel in the radial groove. Both structures are susceptible to damage with a mid shaft numeral fracture

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9
Q

Hand joints

A 
Carpometacarpal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Proximal interhphalangeal joint
Interphalangeal joint
Distal interphalangeal joint
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10
Q

Muscles of the anterior chest wall

A

Pectoralis major- clavicle are head and eternal head
Subclavius
Pectoralis minor

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11
Q

Lateral chest wall muscles

A

Serratus anterior- attaches to the entire anterior aspect of the medial border of the scapula. It is the only pronator of the scapula. Damage to this muscle or the nerve supplying it (long thoracic n) will lead to unopposed retraction of the scapula

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12
Q

Upper Limb- anterior arm muscles

A

Biceps brachii- long (lateral side) and short head
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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13
Q

Proximal attachment of most superficial muscles in the forearm is the
Flexors muscles attach to
Extensor muscles attach to

A 
Distal end of the humerus
Medial side (flexors=anterior compartment)
Lateral side (extensors=lateral compartment)
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14
Q

First layer muscles of the forearm

A

Brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

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15
Q

Second layer of the muscles in the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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16
Q

Third layer muscles in the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

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17
Q

Fourth layer muscles in the forearm

A

Pronator quadratus

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18
Q

Difference between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

A

The distal attachment points of the flexor digitorum superficialis are the shafts of the MIDDLE phalanges and their tendons split as they attach to the bone
Emerging from underneath these tendons are the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
Because BOTH muscles cross the proximal interphalangeal joint, both assist in flexing that joint. However, the only muscle that crosses the DIP and thus flexes that joint is the flexor digitorum profundus

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19
Q

The subclavian artery becomes what after it crosses:

A

Becomes the axillary artery after it crosses the lateral border of the first rib

20
Q

The axillary artery can be divided into:

Eventually becomes:

A

3 segments
1st part- between 1st rib and the medial border of pectoralis minor m
2nd- behind the pectoralis minor and ending at the lateral border of the pectoralis minor m
3rd- extending to the inferior border of the teres major m

Becomes the brachial artery

21
Q

Each of the 3 segments of the axillary artery has smaller branches. Branches of the first segment of the axillary artery:

A

Superior thoracic artery

22
Q

Branches of the subclavian artery

A

Thryocervical trunk becomes the transverse cervical artery which has branches that contribute to the anastomoses around the scapula- dorsal scapular a and the suprascapular a (these two arteries anastomoses with the circumflex scapular artery at the back of the scapula)

23
Q

Branches of the second part of the axillary artery

A 
Thoracoacromial artery (divides into deltoid, pectoral, clavicular and acromial branches)
Lateral thoracic artery
24
Q

Branches of the third part of the axillary artery

A 
Posterior circumflex humeral artery and the anterior circumflex humeral artery (these two anastomose around the humerus)
Subscapular artery (branches into the thoracodorsal artery and the circumflex scapular artery)
25
Q

Clinical correlation with the surgical neck fracture of the humerus

A

The posterior circumflex humeral artery travels with the axillary nerve near the surgical neck

26
Q

The thoracodorsal artery travels with

A

The thoracodorsal nerve to the latissimus Dorsi muscle

27
Q

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery after

A

It crosses the inferior border of the teres major muscle

Brachial artery, along with its branches, supply blood to the upper limb

28
Q

Branches of the brachial

A

Deep brachial artery (gives off the radial collateral artery)- travels with the radial nerve in the radial groove on the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus
Superior ulnar collateral artery (usually travels along the ulnar nerve)
Inferior ulnar collateral artery

29
Q

The brachial artery splits near the

A

Cubital fossa into the ulnar and radial branches that anastomose with the branches coming of the brachial artery

30
Q

Anastomoses around the elbow allow

A

Blood flow to the forearm even if the brachial artery is blocked in/near the cubital region

31
Q

Branch of the radial artery

Branches of the ulnar artery

A

Radial recurrent artery (connects to the radial collateral a)

Anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries (connects with the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries, resp.)
Common interosseus artery (divides into the anterior and posterior interosseus arteries)

32
Q

Veins in the upper limb have the same names and travel with their arteries (blood flowing in opposite direction) except for

A

Superficial veins on the upper limb do NOT have paired arteries

33
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb

A

Basilic v, cephalic v, median cubital v

34
Q

The basilic vein travels

A

Along the medial aspect of the forearm and arm
It pierces the brachial fascia in the middle of the arm and runs parallel to the brachial artery.
It merges superiorly with deep veins in the arm to form the axillary vein

35
Q

The cephalic vein travels

A

Along the lateral aspect of the forearm and arm, connecting to the axillary vein in the shoulder

36
Q

The median cubital vein tract

A

Branch that connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital region. It is a common site for venipuncture

37
Q

Boundaries of the anatomical snuff box

A

Medial- tendon of the extensor pollicis longus

Lateral- tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

38
Q

Contents of the anatomical snuff box

A 
Radial artery- radial pulse can be felt here
Scaphoid bone (forms the floor)
39
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
*innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar n

40
Q

Thenar muscles

A

Abductor pollicis *although this intrinsic hand muscle acts on the thumb, it is innervated by the ulnar n. All the rest are innervated by the median nerve.
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

41
Q

Palmar hand muscles

A

Lumbricals

Palmar and dorsal interossei (deep branch of the ulnar nerve)

42
Q

The proper palmar digital arteries

A

Run along the sides of the fingers and are formed when each common palmar digital artery splits

43
Q

The common palmar digital arteries

A

Come off the superficial palmar arch

44
Q

The superficial palmar arch

A

Is a direct continuation of the ulnar artery. The ‘arch’ is formed with a superficial branch of the radial artery

45
Q

The deep palmar arch

A

Direct continuation of the radial artery. The ‘arch’ is formed with a deep branch of the ulnar artery

MSK Assessment 3 (13 decks)

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