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ENT > Anatomy of the Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What deep fascia is the larynx contained within?

A

pretracheal

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2
Q

what fascia is the pretracheal fascia deep to?

A

investing fascia

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3
Q

What lies anterior to the visceral layer of the pretracheal fascia?

A

strap muscles

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4
Q

What is found within the pretracheal fascia?

A

strap muscles; thyroid gland; trachea and larynx; oesophagus and pharynx and recurrent laryngeal nerves

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5
Q

What is the laryngopharynx?

A

region of the pharynx from the epiglottis to the oesophagus

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6
Q

What vertebral levels is the larynx ound at?

A

between C4 and C6

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7
Q

Waht vertebral level is the hyoid bone foudn at?

A

C3

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8
Q

What level is the cricoid cartilage foudn at?

A

C6

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9
Q

Where is the mastoid process palpable?

A

posterior to the ear

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10
Q

What is the larnyx?

A

a series of cartilages joined in connective tissue

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11
Q

What is the difference between the cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal ring?

A

cricoid cartilage is a full ring whereas as the tracheal rings are C-shaped

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12
Q

What muscle bridges the C in the tracheal rings?

A

trachealis

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13
Q

What is the name of the membran that hangs betweenthe hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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14
Q

What part of thr thyroid cartilage articulatese with the cricoid cartilage at the cricothyroid joint?

A

inferior horn

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15
Q

What are the 3 prongs of the arytenoid cartilages?

A

anterior; lateral and superior

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16
Q

What is the lateral process of the arytenoid also known as?

A

muscular process

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17
Q

What is the anteior process of the arytenoid known as?

A

vocal process

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18
Q

What do the arytenoid cartilages articulate with?

A

cricoid cartilage

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19
Q

where is the cricoarytenoid joint located?

A

superior to the cricothyroid joint

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20
Q

What does the laryngeal aditus open into?

A

laryngeal vestibule

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21
Q

What are the false vocal cords?

A

fold of the mucosa of the laryngeal vestibule– vestibular fold

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22
Q

What is found immediately inferior to the vestibular folds?

A

laryngeal ventricle

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23
Q

What is connected to the layrngeal ventricle?

A

a saccule that is pouched into the laryngeal vestibule

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24
Q

What is the pupose of the ventricle saccule?

A

contains lots of mucous to secrete and moisten the vocal cords

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25
Q

What is foudn below the true vocal cords?

A

infra-glottic cavity

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26
Q

What is the glottis?

A

true vocal cords and the space in between them

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27
Q

What are the vocal cords?

A

free borders of mucosa covered connective tissue in the larynx

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28
Q

What are the joins of the true vocal cords?

A

vocal ligament which connects between the arytenoid cartilage to thryoid cartilage

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29
Q

What are the flase vocal cords joined between?

A

arytenoid cartilage to epiglottis

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30
Q

What joins between the vocal ligamnet adn the cricoid cartilage?

A

conus elasticus

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31
Q

What joins the vestibular ligament and epiglottis?

A

quadrangular membrane

32
Q

What is the vestibular ligament?

A

forms the vestibular fold when covered in mucosa

33
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

space between the true vocal cords

34
Q

What is the aryepiglottic fold?

A

superior border of the quadrangular membrane

35
Q

What does tension do to sound?

A

increase pitch

36
Q

what does relaxation of vocal cords do to sound?

A

decrease pitch

37
Q

what does adduction of the vocal cords do to sound?

A

quieter

38
Q

what does abduction of the vocal cords do to the sound?

A

louder

39
Q

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

vagus

40
Q

What are the tensor muscles of the larynx?

A

cricothyroid muscles

41
Q

What is the action of the cricothyroid muscles?

A

“nods” the thyroid cartilage

42
Q

What are the attachments for the cricothyroid muscles?

A

from anterolateral cricoid cartilage to inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

43
Q

What are the relaxor muscles of the larynx?

A

thyroarytenoid muscles

44
Q

What are the attchments of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

A

posteiror thyroid to anterior arytenoid cartilage

45
Q

What direction do the fibres of the thyroarytenoid muscles move?

A

superiro and parallel to the vocal cords- transverse

46
Q

What are the adductor muscles of the larynx?

A

lateral crico-arytenoid muscles and arytenoid muscles

47
Q

What are the attachments for the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

muscular (lateral) process of arytenoid to anterior cricoid cartilage

48
Q

What is the space between the epiglottis and tongue?

A

vallecula

49
Q

How do the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles work?

A

rotational- swivel the arytenoids on axis

50
Q

What is the result of the action of lateral crico-arytenoid msucles?

A

adduct the vocal cords but due to rotation leave a space between the arytenoids at the back

51
Q

What are the 2 parts of the arytenoid muscles?

A

oblique and transvere bands

52
Q

What are teh attachments of the arytenoid muscles?

A

one arytenoid cartilage to another cricoid cartilage

53
Q

What is the action of the arytneoid muscles?

A

move vocal cords together by pulling the arytenoids together

54
Q

What are the abductor muscles of the larynx?

A

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

55
Q

What are the attachments of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

posterior cricoid cartilage to muscular (laterla) processo f arytenoid cartilage

56
Q

How do the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles work?

A

swivel arytenoids on axis- opposite of lateral crico-arytenoids

57
Q

What muscles are contracted during forced respiration?

A

posterior crico-arytenoids

58
Q

What muscles are contracted suring phonation?

A

arytenoids and lateral crico-arytenoids

59
Q

what muscles are contracted during whispering?

A

lateral crico-arytenoids- only space left at the back is left

60
Q

What nerve controls tension of soft palate?

A

V3

61
Q

What nerve controls evelation of the soft palate?

A

vagus

62
Q

What nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

63
Q

what muscle is not supplied by the inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

cricothyroid

64
Q

When does the recurrent laryngeal nerve become the inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

at level of cricothyroid joint

65
Q

What is the mucosa above the vocal folds supplied by?

A

internal laryngeal nerve

66
Q

What is the mucosa below the folds suppleid by?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

67
Q

What nerve supplies cricothyroid muscle?

A

external laryngeal nerve

68
Q

What happens to the vagus at the level of hyoid?

A

gives off the superior laryngeal nerve

69
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve immeiately split into?

A

internal and external laryngeal nerves

70
Q

What does the vagus nerve curve around on the left?

A

arch of aorta

71
Q

Waht does the vagus nerve curve around on the right?

A

subclavian artery

72
Q

What does the inferior laryngeal nerve supply?

A

mucosa below the vocal folds and all the intrinsic muscles apart from cricothyroid

73
Q

How does the vagus nerve descend through the neck?

A

within the carotid sheath

74
Q

What muscle shortens the uvula?

A

musculus uvulae

75
Q

What muscle brings the tongue and soft palate together?

A

palatoglossus

76
Q

What muscle lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage?

A

palatopharyngeus

77
Q

What muscle elevates the palatine aponeurosis?

A

levator veli palatini

ENT (13 decks)

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