Pathology Flashcards
What does vascular injury do to us?
injured endothelial cells lead to smooth muscle recruitment, replicate and elaborate extracellular matrix, leading to thicker intima and narrowed lumen
How does arteriolosclerosis appear on histology?
hyaline
hyperplastic onion skinning
What is an atheroma?
it is an atherosclerotic plaque. fibrous cap covers necrotic center
How to plaques form?
- chronic endothelial injury
- endothelial dysfunction recruits leukocytes and monocytes
- macrophages come and recruit smooth muscle
- they engulf lipids
- smooth muscle proliferates and matrix deposits
What is the earliest tissue change in atherosclerosis?
fatty yellow streak
Consequences of atherosclerosis?
MI
CVA
Gangrene
True aneurysm vs. false aneurysm:
Ture: intact attenuated (thin) arterial wall (berry)
False: defect in vascular wall leads to hematoma and extravasation of blood
What causes cystic medial degeneration?
marfans
elastic tissue isnt lines up and contractile, get tears in aorta and blood dissects out
Where is thoracic dissection pain felt?
tearing or stabbing pain in anterior chest radiating to the back
Most common vasculitis of elderly in developed countries
temporal (giant cell) arteritis)
What ANCA for Wegener’s?
c-ANCA
Raynaud phenomenon
exaggerated vasoconstriction in fingers and toes
red white and blue proximal to distal
Raynaud phenomenon can be secondary to
SLE, scleroderma, buerger disease, atherosclerosis
Hyperemia:
arteriolar dilation caused by inflammation or exercise
Congestion
reduced outflow of blood from venous obstruction or cardiac failure