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DermJaz > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

HPV thickens the ____ layer

Causes ____ to be stimulated

A

Prickle cell layer

Keratin production stimulated

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2
Q

virulence factor that allows organism to bind to host

A

adhesin

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3
Q

virulence factor that allows organism to avoid host defences

A

impedin

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4
Q

virulence factor that causes direct host damage

A

aggressin

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5
Q

Skin microbiota = (8)

A 
Staph coag -ve + aureus
dipheroids
Strep spp
bacillus spp
malassezia furfur
occasionally mycobacteria
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6
Q

staph infections of skin and mucous membranes caused by

A

staph epidermidis

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7
Q

staph infections of anterior nares and perineum caused by

A

staph aureus

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8
Q

examples of adhesins

A 
fibrinogen binding (CIfA/B)
collagen binding (CNA)
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9
Q

impedin examples

A 
Protein A
superantigens
alpha toxin and PVL
capsule
coagulase
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10
Q

TSST-1 stands for ___ it is a ___

Causes +++ in 48hrs

A

Toxic shock syndrome Toxin - superantigen of Staph aureus

high fever, v+d, sore throat, myalgia

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11
Q

Staph food poisoning is caused by a ___ and causes v+D within __

A

enterotoxin

1-5hrs

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12
Q

Staph aureus infection that often affects neonates - face, groin and axilla
___ toxins target DG-1

A

Scalded skin syndrome

exfoliatin

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13
Q

Superantigens bind directly to ___ causing a massive release of ___

A

MHCII

cytokines

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14
Q

Characteristics of Toxic Shock

A

39* fever
diffuse macular rash and desquamation “sunburn”
hypotensive
>=3 organs involved

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15
Q

Toxin that has a specific toxicity for leukocytes, found in 1-2% of clinical Staph strains

A

PVL (Panton Valentine Leukocidin)

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16
Q

PVL is associated with severe skin infections such as ++_

the alpha toxin that is linked with CA-MRSA is responsible for +

A

sepsis, nec fasc, recurrent furunucleosis

necrotising pneumonia, contagious severe skin infections

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17
Q

Necrotising pneumonia characteristics

A 
flu like syndrome precedes
haemorrhagic
rapid progression
ARD
refractory hypoxaemia
much reduced pulm function
multiorgan failure despite antibiotics
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18
Q

severe invasive M protein antigen subtypes of Strep pyogenes

A

3+18

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19
Q

Superficial type of cellulitis usually in keratin layer that is usually on the face and highly contagious

A

impetigo

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20
Q

erysipelas =

A

localised cellulitis that leads to fevers rigor and nausea

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21
Q

TSLS stands for __
Caused by ___ from ___
__+__ most common toxin

A

Toxic shock like syndrome
exotoxin from strep pyogenes
SpeA+C

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22
Q

TSLS is an ___ disease caused by __

TSS is a ___ caused by __

A

invasive = strep pyogenes

localised with no bacteraemia = Staph aureus

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23
Q

investigation for fungal infections =

A

skin scraping

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24
Q

suspect fungal infection if lesions are:

A

epidermal, asymmetrical, flaky, in warm and moist areas, red, scaly

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25
Q

blue tub swab is for

A

bacterial swabs

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26
Q

suspect bacterial cause of skin infection if:

A

red confluent pus, tight pain, itchy, hot, swollen, weepy

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27
Q

treatment for cellulitis =

A

flucloxacillin

doxycycline if allergic

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28
Q

red tub swab is for

A

viral swabs

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29
Q

suspect viral cause of skin infection if:

A

electrical shock/Hypersensitivity pain, bluer red, blisters/vesicles/ulcers

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30
Q

management of mulluscum infection =

A

time - lesions disappear on their own

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31
Q

gram positive cocci in clusters, aerobic and facultatively anaerobic =

A

Staph spp.

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32
Q

staph that is coagulative +ve and golden culture

A

S. aureus

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33
Q

enzyme that makes S. aureus distinguishable

A

coagulase

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34
Q

staph species that causes infections of implanted artificial material =

A

epidermidis

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35
Q

S. saprophyticus cause __

A

UTI in women of child bearing age

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36
Q

gram +ve cocci in chains, aerobic and facultatively anaerobic

A

Strep spp.

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37
Q 
Strep spp
complete haemolysis =
toxin that damages tissues =
Group A cause _+_
Group B cause \_\_
A

beta
haemolysin
A = throat and skin infections
B = neonatal meningitis

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38
Q

Strep spp.
partial haemolysis =
2 egs

A

alpha
pneumoniae
viridans - commensal of throat, mouth and vagina - rarely cause infection

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39
Q

Strep spp.
no haemolysis =
eg. and infection it can cause

A

gamma
enterococcus spp
bowel commensals that may cause UTI

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40
Q

Signs of Staph aureus skin infections

A 
furuncle/boil
carbuncle
infected cuts
cellulitis
infected eczema
impetigo
SSSS
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41
Q

Strep pyogenes skin infections

A 
infected eczema
impetigo
cellulitis
erysipelas ( acute = large red raised patches on skin)
nec fas
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42
Q

bacterial infection spreading across fascial planes that causes rapid tissue destruction. Isn’t much to look at but extremely painful

A

necrotising fasciitis

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43
Q

type 1 necrotising fasciitis is caused by

A

mixed anaerobes and coliforms - usually post op abdomen

44
Q

type 2 necrotising fasciitis is caused by

A

Strep pyogenes

45
Q

tinea =

A

ringworm - fungal infection

46
Q

fungal infections infect the ___ only
cause increased ___
inflammatory responses in the dermis cause + to be invaded
lesions grow ___ and heal in __ =

A

keratinised tissue
epidermal turnover
hair follicles and shafts
grow outward heal in middle = ring

47
Q

most fungal infections are spread __

A

anthropophilically

48
Q

organisms that cause skin fungal infections (3)

A 
trichophyton rubum (human human, 70% of lab isolates)
trichophyton mentagraphytes (human human, >20% )
microsporum canis (dog cat human)
49
Q

investigations for fungal skin infections

A

woods lamp
appearance on examination
scrapping/clipping/hair - 2wk to get back

50
Q

small fungal infection treatments =

A

clotrimazole (canestan) cream or amordfine (topical nail paint)

51
Q

extensive fungal skin infection/scalp/nail treatment

A

PO terbinafine (hepatotoxic and stay on 6m-12m), itraconazole

52
Q

treatment for candida

A

clotrimazole cream, PO fluconazole

53
Q

infection of the skin folds =

A

intertrigo

54
Q

organism that causes scabies =
sign and sympt =
treatments =

A

sarcoptes scabiei
very itchy rash on finger webs, wrists and genitals
malathion lotion overnight and benzyl benzoate (not in kids)

55
Q

pediculosis =

A

lice

56
Q

treatment for lice -

A

malathion lotion

57
Q

3 infectious diseases that need isolated

A

MRSA
strep. pyogenes
scabies

58
Q

chickenpox is caused by ___ virus
progression of lesions =
centripedal and inflamed skin fever and itch

A

varicella zoster

macule>papule>vesicle>scab

59
Q

type of vaccine that the chickenpox vaccine is

A

live attenuated

60
Q

maternal chickenpox can cause

A

neonatal VZV

61
Q

progression of shingles presentation on the skin:

A

tingling/pain>erythema>vesicles>crust

neuralgic pain

62
Q

if shingles pain lasts for more than 4 wk ( in elderly/trigeminal distribution) =

A

post herpetic neuralgia

63
Q

shingles affecting eye region and forehead on one side nerve =

A

ophthalmic V (CN V1)

64
Q

if shingles affects below eye and cheek on one side of face nerve=

A

maxillary CNV2

65
Q

shingles affects beard region on one side of face nerve =

A

CNV3 mandibulary

66
Q

adults shingles tends to be in nerves ___+___+ maybe __

in kids it is more likely to be in __+___

A

adults: lower thoracic, upper lumbar, maybe CNV

kids = sacral or cervical nerve dermatomes

67
Q

Ramsay Hunt syndrome =

characteristics =

A

genculate/otic herpes zoster
vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat
facial palsy
irritation of CNVIII => deafness and vertigo tinnitus

68
Q

Primary gingivostomatitis is caused by ___
age =
characteristics =
lasts =

A

herpes simplex
pre-schoolers
extensive ulceration in and around mouth
1 wk ish

69
Q

recurrence of herpes simplex (gingivostomatitis) characteristics -

A

blistering rash at vermillion border

possibly herpetic whitlow or eczema herpeticum

70
Q

abscess of finger caused by herpes simplex =

A

herpetic whitlow

71
Q

HSV type 1/2 is the main cause or oral lesions and causes half of genital herpes, may lead to encephalitis

A

1

72
Q

HSV type 1/2 rarely causes oral lesions, half of genital herpes, may cause encephalitis or disseminated infection

A

2

73
Q

HSV and VZV treatment =

It does/doesn’s eliminate the latent virus

A

aciclovir

doesnt

74
Q

erythema multiforme lesions =

3 potential triggers =

A

target lesions with erythema

drugs, HSV, mycoplasma pneumoniae

75
Q

type of lesion seen with molluscum contagiosum

A

fleshy, firm, umbilicated pearlescent nodules - 1-2mm diameter

76
Q

HPV types most common in warts and verrucae

A

1 to 4

77
Q

HPV types most associated with genital warts

A

6 and 11

78
Q

HPV types associated with cervical cancer

A

16 and 18

79
Q

herpangina characteristic appearance =
caused by:
treatment =

A

blistering rash on back of mouth
enteroviruses eg coxsachie or echovirus
self-limiting

80
Q

Hand foot and mouth is caused by ____

A

enteroviruses especially coxsackie

81
Q

erythema infectiosum/slapped cheek disease is caused by :

A

erythrovirus/parvovirus B19

82
Q

Complications of parvovirus B19 infection

A 
spontaneous abortion (foetal hydrops precursor)
aplastic crisis (esp if thalassaemia, sickle cell, hereditary spherocytosis)
chronic anaemia in IS
83
Q

progression of appearance of parvovirus B19 infection

A

slapped cheek rash > facial rash fades and lacy macular body rash appears + acute arthritis esp in wrists

84
Q

Diagnosis of Parvovirus B19 infection =

A

IgM parvovirus B19 test

85
Q

tests to diagnose rubella =

A

IgM and IgG tests

86
Q

signs and symptoms of rubella =

A

fever, sore throat, arthralgia, blanching rash on face neck trunk and arms, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

87
Q

after fever and pain of rubella ____ develops and disappears spontaneously in __

A

oral pain with petechial haemorrhages of soft palate

2 days

88
Q

Orf is a ___ infection from ___ aka __
characteristic appearance =
treatment=

A 
viral
sheep
scabby mouth
firm fleshy nodule on farmer's hands
self-limiting
89
Q

chancre =

A

primary syphilis

painless ulcer at site of entry

90
Q

2ndry syphilis =

A

red body rash, prominent on soles and palms, mucous membrane snail track ulcers

91
Q

tertiary syphilis =

A

CNS CVS, granuloma

92
Q

treponema pallidum is a bacteria that causes ___

A

syphilis

93
Q

treatment for syphilis =

A

penicillin injections

94
Q

borrelia burgdoferi bacterium causes:

A

lyme disease

95
Q

early presentation sign of lyme disease

A

erythema migrans (bull’s eye)

96
Q

treatment for lyme disease

A

`doxycycline/ amoxicillin

97
Q

some signs of measles

A

fever, cough and rhinorrhea after travel
widespread exanthem - head neck shoulders w cephalocaudal spread
small white papules bilaterally buccal mucosa
conjunctivitis

98
Q

2 complications of Zika

A

Guillain Barre

microcephaly

99
Q

symptoms of zika

A

mild fever
maculopapular rash
headaches arthralgia
non-purulent conjunctivitis

100
Q

can athletes foot enter the bloodstream?

A

no - specialised to skin

101
Q

2 common orgs that cause impetigo

A

staph aureus

strep pyogenes

102
Q

most common org to infect eczema

A

staph aureus

103
Q

virus that can infect eczema

A

herpes simplex

104
Q

why do kids get lots of warts?

A

immature T cells

105
Q

HPV types that cause warts

A

1-4

106
Q

treatment for shingles

A

aciclovir 800mg - dont wait for swab result just start if facial distribution

DermJaz (9 decks)

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