conformity

Question 1

NSI

Answer 1

Normative Social Influence; when you conform to be accepted by the group

Question 2

ISI?

Answer 2

Informational Social Influence; looking for guidance from the group for the right answer / way to act

Question 3

What is conforming?

Answer 3

Yielding to group pressure

Question 4

Kelman’s 3 types of conformity?

Answer 4

Internationalisation
Compliance
Identification

Question 5

What is Kelman’s internationalisation?

Answer 5

Have the view forever, even once you’ve left the group

Question 6

What is Kelman’s compliance?

Answer 6

Agreeing publicly but not privately

Question 7

What is Kelman’s identification?

Answer 7

Agreeing both publicly and privately but not at all once leaving the group

Question 8

Jenesse’s aim?

Answer 8

To investigate whether and individuals opinion changes after discussion

Question 9

Jenesse’s method? (3)

Answer 9

1) RPS wrote their own estimates to how many jell beans were in a jar
2) discussion as a group took place to create a group estimate
3) RPS then wrote new estimate privately

Question 10

Jenesse’s findings? (3)

Answer 10

Second estimates converged to the groups
Women’s estiamtes converged more than men
When people are uncertain they allow the group to shape their opinions (ISI)

Question 11

Jenesse’s evaluation? (4)

Answer 11

No informed consent before hand
NSI could be present when a group estimate was made
Only tells us about ambiguous situations
Lab = ecological validity, mundane realism, artificial setting

Question 12

Asch’s aim?

Answer 12

to investigate conformity to a majority in an unambigious setting

Question 13

Asch’s method? (4)

Answer 13

1) 123 male uni students were told they were taking part in an experiment about perception
2) Each RPS put with 7-9 confederates and was always sat second to last
3) They were then asked to identify the line that is the same as the stimulus line
4) There was 18 different trails in 6 of them there was confederates gave the correct answers the other 12 the confederates gave the wrong answer

Question 14

Asch’s findings? (3)

Answer 14

Control group error rate = 0.04% where as critical trails = 32% to wrong answer at least once
Asch asked RPS in post interviews why they conformed and they said “to avoid ridicule” and “the light made them doubt themselves”
Individual judgements are affected by the group even when answers are obviously wrong (NSI)

Question 15

Asch’s evaluation? (4)

Answer 15

Androcentric = males only can’t be generalised
Lab = lack of mundane realism and ecological validity
Deception = lack of conformed consent
Confederates weren’t trained actors and RPS may have guessed what the experiment was about.

Question 16

Mori and Arai’s aim?

Answer 16

To reproduce Asch’s study without confederates

Question 17

Mori and Arai’s method? (5)

Answer 17

1) 104 Japanese students were put into same sex groups of 4
2) They sat at a table saying which line matches tge stimulus line and RPS all has to wear sunglasses
3) The third RPS in each proud had their sunglasses altered therefore changing how they see things
4) After they were gave questions asking if they were influenced by others
5) There was a control group who wore no sunglasses

Question 18

Mori and Arai’s findings? (7)

Answer 18

Control group made errors 2.8% of the time with no gender difference
26 people who wore sunglasses made errors 19.6% of the time
Women made errors 28.6% of the time similar to Asch’s study
Men made errors 5% of the time
Women conform more than men could be because of gender/cultural/historical reasons
No one laughed at wrong answers therefore there was no NSI
In larger groups there was more conformity

Question 19

Mori and Arai’s evaluation? (4)

Answer 19

Lack of confederate makes it ethical
Lack of informed consent makes it unethical
Greater external validity
Lab = mundane realism

Question 20

What two variables affect conformity?

Answer 20

Situational variables

Individual Variables

Question 21

What are the three situational variables?

Answer 21

Size of the group
Unanimity
Task difficulty

Question 22

What are the three individual variables?

Answer 22

Gender
Mood
Culture

Question 23

How does the size of group affect conformity?

Answer 23

Asch found that the bigger the group the more people conformed = one RPS with two confederates conformity dropped from 32% to 13%

Question 24

How does unanimity affect conformity?

Answer 24

If others decent in the group conformity drops eg Asch with one confederate giving the correct answer when everyone else gave the wrong answer conformity dropped from 32% to 5%

Question 25

How does task difficulty affect conformity?

Answer 25

the more difficult the task the higher conformity; Asch changed the length of the lines so it was harder and conformity increased massively

Question 26

How does gender affect conformity?

Answer 26

Women conform more than men; Egelely et Al says it’s because women are more socialised therefore NSI

Question 27

How does mood affect conformity?

Answer 27

The happier you are the more you conform; Tong et Al experimented on maths students those who agreed with the wrong answer were happy

Question 28

How does culture affect conformity?

Answer 28

Bond et Al cultures that are more collectionlist (focus on everyone) have higher rates of conformity compared to cultures which are more focused on individuals