Chapter 3

Question 1

Phonetics

Answer 1

Study of speech sounds, their production and acoustic properties, and the written symbols used to represent their production.

Question 2

Phoneme

Answer 2

Smallest unit of speech that has meaning

Question 3

Allophone

Answer 3

Variant of a phoneme; do not change the meaning of the word

Question 4

phonetic transcription

Answer 4

Narrow; in brackets; uses diacritics; marks allophones

Question 5

Phonemic transcription

Answer 5

Broad; is in virgules; does not depict allophones

Question 6

Consonants

Answer 6

Phonemes produced by narrowing of the vocal tract

Question 7

Vowels

Answer 7

Phonemes produced with open vocal tract

Question 8

Releasing sounds

Answer 8

Sounds in syllable-initial position

Question 9

Arresting sounds

Answer 9

Sounds in syllable-final position

Question 10

Stops

Answer 10

/p, b, t, d, k, g/

Production:
Complete closure; built up air pressure; released air resulting in burst of noise;

Duration:
Short

Question 11

Fricatives

Answer 11

/s, z, f, v, th, sh, zh, ch, dj/

Production:
Air forced through narrow channel

Question 12

Affricates

Answer 12

/ch, dj/

Production:
Quick release of an obstructed airstream

Question 13

Nasal

Answer 13

/m, n, ng/

Production:
Closed oral tract and open velopharyngeal port

Question 14

Glides

Answer 14

/w, j/

Production:
Constricted cavity, gliding motion; produced like diphthongs

Question 15

Liquids

Answer 15

/l, r/

Production:
Semivowels; tract obstructed only slightly more than it is for vowels

Question 16

Distinctive Feature

Answer 16

An articulatory or acoustic parameter that according to its presence or absence helps define a phoneme

Question 17

Vocalic

Answer 17

Distinctive Feature;

All vowels; /l,r/

Question 18

Consonantal

Answer 18

Distinctive Feature

All consonants except /h, w, j/
No vowels

Question 19

High

Answer 19

Distinctive Feature

/k, g, sh, zh, ch, dj, ng, j/

/i, I, u, upsilon/

Question 20

Low

Answer 20

Distinctive Feature

/h/

/ash, ah/

Question 21

Back

Answer 21

Distinctive Feature

/k, g, ng/

/ah, aw, o, u, upsilon/

Question 22

Anterior

Answer 22

Distinctive Feature

/p, b, t, d, f, v, s, z, th, m, n, l, w/

No vowels

Question 23

Coronal

Answer 23

Distinctive Feature

/t, d, s, z, sh, zh, ch, dj, th, n, l, r/

No vowels

Question 24

Round

Answer 24

Distinctive Feature

/r, w/

/er, aw, o, u, upsilon/

Question 25

Tense

Answer 25

Distinctive Feature

/p, t, k, f, s, sh, ch, dj, th, l/

/i, e, UH, ER, o, u/

Question 26

Continuant

Answer 26

Distinctive Feature

/f, v, s, z, sh, zh, th, h, l, r, w, j/

No vowels

Question 27

Nasal

Answer 27

Distinctive Feature

/m, n, ng/

No vowels

Question 28

Strident

Answer 28

Distinctive Feature

/f, v, s, z, sh, zh, ch, dj/

No vowels

Question 29

Sonorant

Answer 29

Distinctive Feature

/h, m, n, ng, l, r, w, j/

All vowels

Question 30

Interrupted

Answer 30

Distinctive Feature

/p, b, t, d, k, g, ch, dj/

No vowels

Question 31

Lateral

Answer 31

Distinctive Feature

/l/

No vowels

Question 32

Voice

Answer 32

Distinctive Feature

/b, d, g, v, z, zh, dj, th, m, n, ng, l, r, w, j/

All vowels

Question 33

Phonology

Answer 33

Study of sound patterns found in all languages and the speakers knowledge of those patterns