Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the purpose of hygiene?
promotes comfort and relaxation fosters a positive self-image promotes healthy skin prevents infection and disease opportunity for assessment
Guidelines for bathing (8)
assess patient preferences gather supplies provide privacy maintain safety maintain warmth promote indépendance anticipate needs work from head to toe
Oral hygiene on patients with special needs
use of oxygen therapy
unconscious state
Denture care
remove and soak overnight
brush in morning
observe mouth for reddened areas rinse dentures after meals
chain of infection
mode of transmission -> portal of entry -> host -> infectious agent -> reservoir -> portal of exit
Type of precaution used when the patient has bacterial meningitis, influenza, and pertussis
droplet precautions
Infections that require contact precautions
MRSA
VRE
prulent wounds
infectious diarrhea
common diseases that require airborne precautions
Tuberculosis
Measles
Chicken Pox
Airborne precaution barriers
standard precautions
negative airflow room
special respirators
patient wears surgical mask for transport
Average ranges of temperature
96-99, 36.5-37
Average pulse
60-100 beats/minute
elevated heart beats above 100/minute
tachycardia
pulse below 60 beats/minute
bradycardia
normal # of respirations in one minute
12-20
average BP
120/80
pre-hypertension
S: 120-139
D: 80-90
Stage 1 Hypertension
S: 140-159
D: 90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension
S: 160+
D 100+
loss of skin color, seen in arterial insufficiency , decreased blood supply, and anemia
Pallor
makes white skin appear blue-tinged, especially in the peri oral, nail bed, and conjunctival areas
cyanosis
characterized by yellow skin tones, particularly in sclera, oral mucosa, palms, and soles
jaundice
roughening and darkening of the skin in localized areas, especially posterior neck
Acanthosis nigrican