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Biology Tests > Unit 1B > Flashcards

Unit 1B Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrion

A

Produce the energy currency of the cell through respiration and regulate cellular metabolism

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2
Q

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell examples

A

Eukaryotic- plants and animals

Prokaryotic- bacteria

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3
Q

3 functions of the plasma membrane

A

Protects cell from surroundings, lets certain things in and out, maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane?

A

Helps speed up chemical reactions

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5
Q

Passive transport does not require what?

A

Energy

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6
Q

The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration is ________

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

Why does diffusion occur?

A

Due to thermal displacement of atoms or molecules

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8
Q

After equilibrium is reached, what happens to the movements of the molecules?

A

Molecules continue to collide

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9
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

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10
Q

How will water move when a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?

A

Water diffuses into and out of the cell at equal rates

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11
Q

How is water moved when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.

A

Water diffuses into the cell causing the cell to swell and possibly explode

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12
Q

How will water move when placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

The water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel

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13
Q

What are the three types of passive transport?

A

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, passive transport

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14
Q

The movement of molecules from low to high concentration is __________

A

Active transport

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15
Q

Two Examples of active transport

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

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16
Q

Comparisons between active transport and facilitated diffusion

A

Both use ion channels to move ions across the cell membrane, in or out of the cell.

17
Q

What is the difference between ATP and ADP

A

The number of phosphate groups, 3 for ATP and 2 for ADP

18
Q

What has to happen to ATP in order for energy to be released?

A

Energy is released by breaking the chemical bond between the 2 and 3 phosphate

19
Q

Heterotrophs vs autotroph

A

Heterotroph- (consumer) obtains energy from eating other organisms

Autotroph- (producer) makes its own food

20
Q

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2+ 6H2O ➡️ C6H12O6+6O2

21
Q

Explain the equation for photosynthesis in words

A

Carbon dioxide + Water (with exposure to light) Glucose + Oxygen

22
Q

List three factors that increase the rate of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature

23
Q

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplast

24
Q

Why do most plants appear green?

A

Because they contain a pigment called chlorophyll, chlorophyll absorbs light in the red and blue regions of the visible light spectrum, green light is absorbed, but not reflected, making plants appear green

25
Q

Where do the light dependent and light independent reactions take place?

A

Light dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, light independent reactions (Calvin cycles) take place in the stroma, the region outside the thylakoids

26
Q

Chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 (carbon dioxide) 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

27
Q

Explain the equation for cellular respiration in words

A

Glucose + oxygen (carbon dioxide) water + energy

28
Q

In which organelle does cellular respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

Glycolysis splits glucose into _________

A

2 molecules of pyruvic acid

30
Q

Where does glycolosis take place?

A

Cytoplasm of a cell

31
Q

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires _________

A

Oxygen

32
Q

Steps of cellular respiration in order

A

Glycolosis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

33
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

Matrix

34
Q

How many ATP are produced per molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration?

A

36

Biology Tests (4 decks)

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