Antimicrobial Angents

Question 1

What virus causes the common cold

Answer 1

Rhinovirus

Question 2

What makes fungi difficult to treat

Answer 2

Spores

Question 3

Fungi can grow in two ways

Answer 3

grow as single cells (yeasts) or as long branches (hyphae) some are Dimorphic and can choose which one to grow as

Question 4

what produces tetanus toxin - what gram - what shape

Answer 4

clostridium tetani - gram positive - rod shaped

Question 5

example of a dangerous parasite causing malaria

Answer 5

plasmodium falciparum - causes the most dangerous form of malaria

Question 6

features of prokaryotes

Answer 6

lack nuclear membrane - grow as single cells - gram negative and positive exist

Question 7

gram positive bacteria example

Answer 7

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

gram negative bacteria example

Answer 8

Escherichia Coli

Question 9

define sterilisation

Answer 9

the complete removal of microbes or damaging microbes such that all are killed. This process does not use antimicrobial agents

Question 10

Define disinfection

Answer 10

reduces the number of viable microorganisms to a level specified as appropriate

Question 11

Antisepsis

Answer 11

destruction or inhibition of microbes in or on living tissue - these antimicrobial agents aim to prevent sepsis

Question 12

Sepsis

Answer 12

Growth of harmful microbes on living tissue

Question 13

Asepsis

Answer 13

Prevention of sepsis - usually on skin & mucous membranes

Question 14

top 2 ranking antimicrobial agents

Answer 14

aldehydes and oxygen species

Question 15

name all 5 antimicrobial agents

Answer 15

Aldehydes - Oxygen species - Halogens - Phenolic compounds - Alcohols

Question 16

3 main aldehydes

Answer 16

Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, OPA

Question 17

Glutaraldehyde MOA

Answer 17

liquid disinfectants - cross links proteins to stop protein synthesis of microbial macromolecules

Question 18

Formaldehyde MOA

Answer 18

cross links proteins!

complexes with nucleic acids then stops microbial functions