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Biology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Nutrition is how a living organism obatains and uses food.

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2
Q

What is digestion?

A

the breakdown of food into particles that are smaller enoough to pass into BODY CELLS.

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3
Q

Mechanical (phisical) digestión.

Examples…

A

Teeths

Peristalsis

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4
Q

Types of teehs & function:

A

Incisors- to cut.
Canine- to grip, stab & tear.
Premolars- crush & chew.
Molar-crush & chew.

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5
Q

What is Peristalsis?

A

Peristalsis is the process in which muscles contract and relax.

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6
Q

Chemical Digestion. Examples.

A

Excreted Enzymes. (Amylase)

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7
Q

Where is Amylase secreted?

A

In the mouth.
By the salivary glands.
It is found in saliva.

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8
Q

What is Saliva?

A

Liquid secreted by 3 pairs of salivary glands.

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9
Q

Where are salivary glands located?

A

They are located under the tongue, at the back of the jaws and in the cheecks.

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10
Q

What does saliva consist of?

A 
Water      (M.A.L. S.hoW.)
Salts
Mucous
Amylase
Lysozyme.
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11
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

Saliva helps to soften and disolved food so that we can taste and swallow it.

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12
Q

What is the function of Lysozyme?

A

Lysozyme helps to destroy micro-organisms.

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13
Q

What is the fuction of Amylise?

A

Amylise digest starch into maltose.

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14
Q

What is the pH in the mouth?

A

8

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15
Q

Where is the bolus formed?

A

In the mouth.

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16
Q

What is the order of the organs the bolus goes through?

Tongue—- stomach

A 
Tongue
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx opening
Esophagus.
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17
Q

What is the Stomach?

A

Muscular bag that stores & digests food.

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18
Q

What is the Sphincter Muscle?

A

The Sphincter muscle is a circular muscle that opens & closes.

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19
Q

What is the Lining of the Stomach?

A

The Lining of the Stomach is a heavily folded forming millions of gastric glands.

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20
Q

What do Gastric Glands secret?

A

Gastric Glands secret Gastric Juices.

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21
Q

What do Gastric Juices contain?

A

Mucous
Pepsinogen
Hydrochloric acid (HCL)

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22
Q

What mechanical digestión is in the Stomach?

A

The contraction of the stomach wall.

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23
Q

Where is Chyme form?

A

In the stomach.

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24
Q

Musous’ function is to…

A

Coast the stomach and prevent sel-digestion.

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25
Q

Pepsinogen’s function is to…

A

Converted to pepsin. (Active enzyme)

26
Q

How does the Pepsinogen converts to Pepsin?

A

By the ph acid (1-2) in the stomach.

27
Q

Pepsinogen converted into Pepsin in the stomach.

What are the functions of the Pepsinogen?

A

Pepsin converts proteis into Peptides.

28
Q

What is a Pepsin?

A

A Pepsin is a Protease. (Enzyme that digests Proteins)

29
Q

What are the function of the Hydrochloric acid?

A

To give the stomach a pH 1-2

30
Q

Why does the Stomach need a pH of 1-2?

A

To kills bactiria.
Activates Pepsinogen
Denatures Salivary Glands

31
Q

How does the Mucous prevent Self-digestion?

Mucous
Pepsin
Cells

A

By lining the stomach.
Because Mucous is Alkaline and reduces the acidity near the stomaach wall.
Pepsin is released as an inactive enzyme. ( It doesn’t touch the cells as it enters the stomach)
Cells that line the stomach are tightly packed and can be replaced very quickly.

32
Q

What does the Pancreas secrete?

A

The hormone insulin

Pancreatic juices

33
Q

What are Pancreatic Juices form by?

A 
By sodio
bicarbonate (salts)
Amylase
Lipase
Protease
34
Q

What neutralise chyme in the panreas?

A

Sodium, hydrogen and carbonate neutralise chyme from the stomach.

35
Q

What are the functions of the Liver?

A 
Corverting glucose into Gñycogen
Converting excess carbohydrates to fats
Storing vitamin D
Storing iron, copper and zinc
Making Bile
36
Q

What is Bile?

A

Yellow-green liquid that consists of wáter, bile salts and bile pigments. It is made in the liver and stored in the gald bladder.

37
Q

What are the functions of the Bile?

A

To smulsifies lipids (for increasing the are for enzyme digestión)
Neutalise Chyme from the stomach
Excretes pigmets made from Red Blood Cells.

38
Q

Parts of the Small Intestine?

A

Duodenum

Ilium

39
Q

Function of the Duodenum?

A

Digestion

40
Q

What are Villus?

A

Infoldings in the Small intestine that increase surface área for digestión.

41
Q

Where are Intestinal glands located?

A

In the Duodenum, between the villi.

42
Q

What do intestinal glands produce?

A

Intestinal Juices

43
Q

What is the function of the Ilium?

A

Absorption.

44
Q

What is the Thoratic duct?

A

A tuve that forms part of the lymphatic system.

45
Q

What does the Thoratic duct carry?

A

It carry fats, fatty acids and glycero.

46
Q

What is the function of the Thoratic duct?

A

To join the blood circulation at the left subdavian vein.

47
Q

What is inside each villus?

A

Rich blood supply

Capillaries absorb water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins and minerals.

48
Q

Where are Lactials located?

A

Inside each villus

49
Q

What do Lactials contain?

A

A liquid called Lymph

50
Q

What do te Cells of the villus do?

A

Absorb Fatty acids and Glycerol and they are converted into fats.

51
Q

What do Fats do after passing the Villus Cells?

A

They are covered with Proteins and they pass into the Lymph in the lactials.

52
Q

What is the function of the Lactaial?

A

To carry away Fats

53
Q

How does the Small Intestine adapt for absorption?

A

It’s long
It has numerous Villi (1 lenght wall)
Rich supply of blood tocarry away water

54
Q

What is the name of the part that joins the Small intestine with the Large Intestine?

A

Caecum

55
Q

Where is the appendix?

A

In the end of the caecum.

56
Q

What is the Colon’s function?

A

To reabsorb water

57
Q

What are the Faeces?

A

Is the converted liquid waste that coms from the L.Int. to semi-solid waste.

58
Q

What is Diarrhoea?

A

Unabsorbed materials moves too quickly through the colon.
Less water is reabsorb.
Faeces = more liquid.

59
Q

What is Constipation?

A

Un absorb materials move too slowly throgh the colon.
Too much water is reabsorb.
Faeces = More solid.

60
Q

What is Symbiosis?

A

When 2 organisms live together in close association and at least one benefits.

Biology (6 decks)

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