Pages: 8-9 (Congenital Anomalies/Variants) Flashcards

1
Q

_____: refers to when the arcuate foramen forms when the atlanto-occipital ligament calcifies. Transmits the sub-occipital nerve and the vertebral artery?

A

posterior ponticle (aka: posticus ponticus”)

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2
Q

20% of Down Syndrome patients are born without what ligament?

A

transverse ligament

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3
Q

What type of films should be taken on a patient with Down’s Syndrome?

A

Cervical stress films (Flexion/Extension)

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4
Q

_____: refers to a normally developed cephalic part of the dens that is not fused with the body of C2?

a. ) Congenital block
b. ) Klipperl-Feil syndrome
c. ) Os Odontoideum
d. ) Pedicle agenesis

A

c.) Os Odontoideum

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5
Q

_____: refers to contralateral pedicle hypertrophy and sclerosis?

a. ) Congenital block
b. ) Klipperl-Feil syndrome
c. ) Os Odontoideum
d. ) Pedicle agenesis

A

d.) Pedicle agenesis

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6
Q

_____: associated with a patient who has a short webbed neck, low hair line, and decreased ROM?

a. ) Down’s syndrome
b. ) Klippel-Feil syndrome
c. ) Knife clasp syndrome
d. ) Myositis ossificans

A

b.) Klippel-Feil syndrome (aka: “Congenital Brevicollis”)

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7
Q

_____: associated spina bifida of S1 with L5 spinous enlargement. Patient typically has pain with extension?

a. ) Down’s syndrome
b. ) Klippel-Feil syndrome
c. ) Knife clasp syndrome
d. ) Myositis ossificans

A

c.) Knife clasp syndrome

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8
Q

_____: adjacent vertebra osseously fused from birth. Associated with Wasp Waist and hypo plastic discs?

a. ) Butterfly vertebra
b. ) Congenital block
c. ) Hemivertebrae
d. ) Transitional vertebrae

A

b.) Congenital block

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9
Q

_____: associated with a Gibbus deformity, a developmental failure of the lateral ossification center. Isolated wedged vertebra causing a scoliosis?

a. ) Butterfly vertebra
b. ) Congenital block
c. ) Hemivertebrae
d. ) Transitional vertebrae

A

c.) Hemivertebrae

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10
Q

_____: failure of the center of the vertebral body to ossify properly, most commonly seen in the lumbar and thoracic spine?

a. ) Butterfly vertebra
b. ) Congenital block
c. ) Hemivertebrae
d. ) Transitional vertebrae

A

a.) Butterfly vertebra

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11
Q

_____: refers to when the L5 transverse processes fuse or form joints with the sacrum?

a. ) Lumbarization
b. ) Sacralization
c. ) Facet tropism
d. ) Spina bifida

A

b.) Sacralization

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12
Q

_____: refers to having 6 lumbars, the 1st sacral segment appears like a lumbar segment?

a. ) Lumbarization
b. ) Sacralization
c. ) Facet tropism
d. ) Spina bifida

A

a.) Lumbarization

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13
Q

_____: a failure of the lamina to fuse?

a. ) Lumbarization
b. ) Sacralization
c. ) Facet tropism
d. ) Spina bifida

A

d.) Spina bifida

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14
Q

Klippel-Feil Syndrome is associated with what 3 things specifically?

A
  • Females
  • Sprengle’s Deformity
  • Omovertebral bones
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15
Q
  1. ) Spina bifida has elevated _____?

2. ) Spina bifida has a deficiency in _____?

A
  1. ) alpha-fetoprotein

2. ) folic acid

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16
Q

What is the MC location for Facet Tropism to occur at?

a. ) L2/L3
b. ) L5/S1
c. ) L4/L5
d. ) L3/L4

A

b.) L5/S1

17
Q

_____: refers to the coxa-femoral angle being less than 120 degrees?

a. ) Coxa valga
b. ) Coxa vara

A

b.) Coxa vara

18
Q

_____: refers to the coxa-femoral angle being greater than 130 degrees?

a. ) Coxa valga
b. ) Coxa vara

A

a.) Coxa valga

19
Q

What line of Mensuration is associated with identifying the Coxa-femoral angle?

A

Mikulicz’s line of mensuration

20
Q

_____: refers to a shortened distal radius, asymmetric prominence of the ulnar styloid and a posterior subluxation of the distal ulna?

a. ) Positive ulnar variance
b. ) Negative ulnar variance
c. ) Madelung’s deformity
d. ) Sprengle’s deformity

A

c.) Madelung’s deformity

21
Q

_____: refers to ulna being unusually shorter than the radius, seen with scapho-lunate dislocations?

a. ) Positive ulnar variance
b. ) Negative ulnar variance
c. ) Madelung’s deformity
d. ) Sprengle’s deformity

A

b.) Negative ulnar variance