Pages: 12-18 (Lines of Mensuration) - 9%

Question 1

A line is drawn from the nasion to the center of the sella turcica. A line is drawn from the basion (anterior foramen magnum) to the center of the sella turcica?

a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle

Answer 1

d.) Martin’s Basilar angle

Question 2

A line is drawn from the hard palate to the base of the occiput?

a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle

Answer 2

a.) McGregor’s line

Question 3

A line is drawn from the hard palate to the opisthion (posterior foramen magnum)?

a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle

Answer 3

b.) Chamberlain’s line

Question 4

A line is drawn from the anterior foramen magnum (basion) to the posterior foramen magnum (opisthion)?

a. ) McGregor’s line
b. ) Chamberlain’s line
c. ) Macrae’s line
d. ) Martin’s Basilar angle

Answer 4

c.) Macrae’s line

Question 5

A line drawn along the posterior body margins is used to check alignment with what should be a smooth, continuous line?

a. ) Posterior cervical line
b. ) George’s line
c. ) Jackson’s stress line
d. ) Canal body line

Answer 5

b.) George’s line

Question 6

Lines drawn at each spinolaminar junction should form a smooth arc-like curve?

a. ) Posterior cervical line
b. ) George’s line
c. ) Jackson’s stress line
d. ) Canal body line

Answer 6

a.) Posterior cervical line

Question 7

Lines drawn at the posterior bodies of C2 and C7?

a. ) Posterior cervical line
b. ) George’s line
c. ) Jackson’s stress line
d. ) Canal body line

Answer 7

c.) Jackson’s stress line

• Flexion should intersect at C5/C6
• Extension should intersect at C4/C5

Question 8

The Retropharngeal space is located at what vertebral level?

a. ) C6-C7
b. ) C2-C4
c. ) C5
d. ) C8

Answer 8

b.) C2-C4

Question 9

The Retrotracheal space is located at what vertebral level?

a. ) C6-C7
b. ) C2-C4
c. ) C5
d. ) C8

Answer 9

a.) C6-C7

Question 10

The Retrolaryngeal space is located at what vertebral level?

a. ) C6-C7
b. ) C2-C4
c. ) C5
d. ) C8

Answer 10

c.) C5

Question 11

Inidicative of a soft tissue mass (tumor, infection, or hematoma) if….

1. ) Retropharyngeal: _____?
2. ) Retrolarngeal: _____?
3. ) Retrotracheal: _____?

Answer 11

1. ) greater than 7 mm
2. ) greater than 14 mm
3. ) greater than 22 mm

Question 12

If Martin’s Basilar Angle is _____ it is indicative of _____?

Answer 12

• greater than 152 degrees

- platybasia or basilar impression

Question 13

In regards to McGregor’s line…

1. ) If the odontoid is _____ above the line in MALES, indicates _____?
2. ) If the odontoid is _____ above the line in FEMALES, indicates _____?

Answer 13

1. ) greater than 8 mm, basilar impression

2. ) greater than 10 mm, basilar impression

Question 14

In regards to Chamberlain’s line…

1.) If the odontoid is _____ above the line in Males/Females = _____?

Answer 14

1.) greater than 7 mm, basilar impression

Question 15

In regards to Macrae’s line…

1.) If the _____ is above the line, this indicates = _____?

Answer 15

1.) occipital bone, basilar impression

Question 16

ADI interspace

1. ) If ADI is _____ in Adults, indicates _____?
2. ) If ADI is _____ in Children, indicates _____?

Answer 16

1. ) greater than 3 mm, transverse ligament rupture/instability
2. ) greater than 5 mm, transverse ligament rupture/instability

Question 17

If George’s line is discontinuous, it may indicate _____?

Answer 17

anterolisthesis or retrolisthesis

Question 18

If the Posterior Cervical line is discontinuous, it may indicate _____?

Answer 18

anterolisthesis or retrolisthesis

Question 19

This is the preferred method of Scoliosis evaluation?

a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method

Answer 19

b.) Cobb’s method

Question 20

Locate the superior and inferior extremes of scoliosis. Draw a parallel line through the superior endplate of the extreme superior vertebra and through the inferior endplate of the extreme inferior vertebra. Intersecting perpendicular lines are drawn and the angle is measured?

a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method

Answer 20

b.) Cobb’s method

Question 21

Locate superior and inferior extremes of scoliosis and the apical segment. Diagonal lines are drawn to locate the center of the vertebral bodies. Two lines are drawn connecting the center of the apical segment with each end vertebra, which gives you a resultant angle measured?

a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method

Answer 21

a.) Risser-Ferguson method

Question 22

Risser-Ferguson Method of scoliosis has values _____ below Cobb’s Method of evaluation?

a. ) 10%
b. ) 15%
c. ) 20%
d. ) 25%

Answer 22

d.) 25%

Question 23

A tangential line is drawn parallel and through the posterior margin of S1 and a vertical line is drawn intersecting the sacral line?

a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle

Answer 23

b.) Sacral inclination

Question 24

A oblique line drawn through and parallel to the sacral base. A horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge of the film?

a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle

Answer 24

a.) Lumbosacral angle (aka: “Sacral Base angle” or “Ferguson’s angle”)

Question 25

Lines are drawn parallel and through the inferior endplate of L5 and the superior endplate of S1?

a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle

Answer 25

d.) Lumbosacral disc angle

Question 26

A line drawn parallel and through the sacral base. A perpendicular line drawn from the sacral promontory?

a. ) Lumbosacral angle
b. ) Sacral inclination
c. ) Ulmann’s line
d. ) Lumbosacral disc angle

Answer 26

c.) Ulmann’s line (aka: “Garland Thomas line”)

Question 27

What is the NORMAL Sacral Inclination angle/Sacral Base angle/Ferguson’s angle?

a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees

Answer 27

c.) 30-72 degrees

Question 28

What is the AVERAGE Sacral Inclination angle/Sacral Base angle/Ferguson’s angle?

a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees

Answer 28

a.) 46 degrees

Question 29

What is the NORMAL Lumbosacral Angle?

a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees

Answer 29

d.) 26-57 degrees

Question 30

What is the AVERAGE Lumbosacral Angle?

a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees

Answer 30

b.) 41 degrees

Question 31

What is the NORMAL Lumbosacral Disc Angle?

a. ) 46 degrees
b. ) 41 degrees
c. ) 30-72 degrees
d. ) 26-57 degrees
e. ) 10-15 degrees

Answer 31

e.) 10-15 degrees

Question 32

Which of the following determines the degree of anterolisthesis?

a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method

Answer 32

c.) Meyerding’s grading method

Question 33

A line drawn to connect the tips of the superior and inferior articular processes. The distance to posterior body margin at the midpoint is measured?

a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method

Answer 33

d.) Eisenstein’s method

Question 34

The sacral base is divided into quarters and the relative position of the posterior inferior aspect of L5 is made?

a. ) Risser-Ferguson method
b. ) Cobb’s method
c. ) Meyerding’s grading method
d. ) Eisenstein’s method

Answer 34

c.) Meyerding’s grading method

Question 35

In regards to the Garland Thomas line, if L5 is beyond the perpendicular line it indicates?

Answer 35

spondylolisthesis

Question 36

What is Eisenstein’s method used for?

Answer 36

Sagittal Canal measurment

Question 37

1.) If the measurement of Eisenstein’s method is _____, indicates _____?

Answer 37

1.) less than 15 mm, spinal canal stenosis

Question 38

What 4 things are used for the dimensions to determine the canal/body ratio?

Answer 38

1. ) interpedicular distance
2. ) sagittal canal dimension (Eisenstein’s method)
3. ) transverse body dimension
4. ) sagitall body dimension

Ratio Equation = 1x2 / 3x4
- gives you the ratio

Question 39

1. ) A canal ratio of _____ at L3 or L4 indicates canal stenosis.
2. ) A canal ratio of _____ at L5 indicates canal stenosis.

Answer 39

1. ) greater than 1:6
2. ) 1:6.5
   - The HIGHER the ratio the SMALLER the canal!!!!

Question 40

A vertical line is drawn through the center of the L3 vertebral body. This line should intersect the sacral base?

a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line

Answer 40

b.) Ferguson’s line (aka: “Lumbar Gravity line”)

Question 41

A line is drawn parallel and through the inferior endplate?

a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line

Answer 41

a.) Macnab’s line

Question 42

A curvilinear line is drawn along the inferior aspect of the TP, and the inferior articular process, and through the joint space to the superior articular process of the vertebra below?

a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line

Answer 42

c.) Hadley’s “S” curve

Question 43

A line is drawn along the pelvic inlet to the outer aspect of the obturator forearm?

a. ) Macnab’s line
b. ) Ferguson’s line
c. ) Hadley’s “S” curve
d. ) Kohler’s line

Answer 43

d.) Kohler’s line

Question 44

What is indicated if Macnab’s line intersects the Superior Articular Process of the vertebra BELOW?

Answer 44

facet imbrication or extension malposition

Question 45

1. ) If the Lumbar Gravity Line is ANTERIOR to the sacrum, indicates _____?
2. ) If the Lumbar Gravity Line is POSTERIOR to the sacrum, indicates _____?

Answer 45

1. ) HYPERlordosis

2. ) HYPOlordosis

Question 46

If the acetabular floor crosses Kohler’s line, this indicates _____?

Answer 46

acetabular protrusion (aka: “protrusio acetabuli”)

Question 47

An interruption of Hadley’s “S” curve, indicates _____?

Answer 47

subluxation or facet imbrication

Question 48

A smooth curvilinear line is drawn along the inferior femoral neck to the superior aspect of the obturator foramen?

a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line

Answer 48

b.) Shenton’s line

Question 49

A smooth curvilinear line is drawn along the outer ilium, across the joint and onto the femoral neck?

a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line

Answer 49

a.) Iliofemoral angle

Question 50

A line is drawn through and parallel to the femoral shaft. A perpendicular line is drawn to the tip of the greater trochanter?

a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line

Answer 50

d.) Skinner’s line

Question 51

Two lines are drawn through and parallel to the mid-axis of the femoral shaft and the femoral neck?

a. ) Iliofemoral angle
b. ) Shenton’s line
c. ) Mikulicz’s angle
d. ) Skinner’s line

Answer 51

c.) Mikulicz’s angle (aka: “Femoral angle”)

Question 52

An interrupted, discontinuous Shenton’s line, indicates _____?

Answer 52

SCFE (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis)

Question 53

Bilateral asymmetry of the Iliofemoral lines, indicates _____?

Answer 53

SCFE (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis)

Question 54

In regards to Skinner’s line…

1. ) The FOVEA CAPITUS should lie _____ or at the level of the greater trochanter line.
2. ) If the FOVEA CAPITUS is _____, it indicates _____?

Answer 54

1. ) above

2. ) below, coxa vara or fracture

Question 55

A line drawn along the outer margin of the femoral neck?

a. ) Kohler’s line
b. ) Klein’s line
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Patellar position

Answer 55

b.) Klein’s line

Question 56

A line drawn between the superior and inferior patellar pole. A line is drawn between the inferior patellar pole and the tibial tubercle?

a. ) Kohler’s line
b. ) Klein’s line
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Patellar position

Answer 56

d.) Patellar position

Question 57

The three highest points on the superior aspect of the CALCANEUS are connected with two lines?

a. ) Kohler’s line
b. ) Klein’s line
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Patellar position

Answer 57

c.) Boehler’s angle

Question 58

The shortest distance is measured between the plantar surface of the calcaneus and the external skin contour?

a. ) Patellar position
b. ) Heel pad measurement
c. ) Boehler’s angle
d. ) Kohler’s line

Answer 58

b.) Heel pad measurement

Question 59

In regards to Klein’s line…

1.) The femoral head should intersect the line. Failure to intersect the line, indicates _____?

Answer 59

1.) SCFE (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis)

Question 60

In regards to Patellar Position…

1.) Patellar length and patellar tendon length should approximately be EQUAL! If the tendon is 20% GREATER than the patellar length, it indicates _____?

Answer 60

1.) patella ALTA

Question 61

In regards to Heel Pad Measurement…

1. ) If this distance is _____ in a MALE, indicates _____?
2. ) If this distance is _____ in a FEMALE, indicates _____?

Answer 61

1. ) greater than 25 mm, acromegaly

2. ) greater than 23 mm, acromegaly

Question 62

In regards to Boehler’s angle…

1. ) If the resultant angle is _____, this indicates _____?
2. ) A normal Boehler’s angle is _____?

Answer 62

1. ) less than 28 degrees, calcanea fracture or dysplastic calcaneus
2. ) 28-40 degrees