Week 101 Diarrhoea Flashcards
what are two red flags of diarrhoea
dysentery and weight loss
what is dysentery
blood in the diarrhoea
what are the three causes of diarrhoea
osmotic secretory inflammation
what causes osmotic diarrhoea
excess hypertonic substances in the lumen osmosis water into the lumen
give two signs that the diarrhoea is osmotic
the volume increases a moderate amount and the diarrhoea stops when fasting
what parasites may cause osmotic diarrhoea
giardiasis which you get from travelling risk areas include Russia sub-saharan Africa Asia and Turkey
what is secretory diarrhoea
secretion of electrolytes and fluid into the lumen and decreased absorption
give two ways that the diarrhoea may indicate that this is secretory diarrhoea
there is a very large increase in volume and it is not stopped by fasting
give two causes of secretory diarrhoea
artificial sweeteners hormone producing tumours enterotoxins from infections such as cholera c difficile and E coli travellers diarrhoea
what causes travellers diarrhoea
enterotoxigenic E coli
what is inflammatory diarrhoea
damage to intestinal mucosal cells this causes defective absorption of fluid and electrolytes
give two causes of inflammation diarrhoea
shigella infection autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis and IBS coeliac
what examinations should be conducted for someone with diarrhoea
bloods rectal examination stool sample colonoscopy sigmoidoscopy
what treatment should be given for diarrhoea
rehydration this should be oral rehydration way possible if the patient is in shock then IV rehydration can be used. codeine phosphate and loperamide also known as Imodium I used to reduce the frequency of diarrhoea. antibiotics should be given if it is suspected that this is due to bacterial course most bacteria however are self limiting should be treated with Metronidazole
what are the complications of diarrhoea
severe malnutrition mucosal damage GI haemorrhage or perforation and sepsis
