2/9/17

Question 1

Beta-thalassemia Minor: Labs and pathophys

Answer 1

Smear: spherocytes and target cells

Pathophys: DNA mutations affecting Beta-hemoglobin mRNA formation

Question 2

Halothane: Drug induced hepatotoxicity: Labs

Answer 2

ALT/AST up, PPT up, leukocytosis, eosinophilia

Question 3

Origin of gonadal arteries

Answer 3

Aorta

Question 4

S1: sensory loss and weakness

Answer 4

Sensory loss: butt, posterior thigh and calf, lateral foot

Weakness: hip extension, knee flexion, foot plantarflexion, Achilles reflex

Question 5

Listeria vectors

Answer 5

Cattle/dairy

Question 6

Hihydropyridines: effects

Answer 6

peripheral vasodilation due to smooth muscle effect

Question 7

Causes of Polyhydramnios

Answer 7

deceased fetal swallowing or increased fetal urination

Question 8

Blastomycosis: Signs and Epi

Answer 8

Signs: Granulomatous formation in immunocompetent people.

Epi: Mississippi and Ohio River Valley

Question 9

Organophosphate poisoing: Atropine vs Pralidaxone

Answer 9

Atropine: Muscarinic reversal

Pralidaxone: Muscarinic and nicotinic reversal

Question 10

Cromoglycate: MOA

Answer 10

Mast Cell degranulation inhibitor

Question 11

Combined Absence and tonic-clonic seizure prophylaxis

Answer 11

Valproate

Question 12

Maternal Virilization

Answer 12

Transfer of excess androgens from fetus to mother

Question 13

Turner Syndrome: Signs

Answer 13

Narrow, high arched palate
Webbed neck
Low hairline
Broad, widespaced nipples
Coarchtation of aorta
Bicuspid aortic valve
Streak Ovaries, Ammenorhea, infertility
Short

Question 14

Cytosolic vs Mitochondrial metabolism

Answer 14

Cytosol: glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, pentose phosphate

Mitochondrial: Beta-oxidation of fatty acids, citric acid cycle, carboxylation of pyruvate/gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Differential Clubbing/cyanosis of lower extemeties in PDA

Answer 15

PDA deposits oxygen poor blood down stream of subclavian, thus sparing upper extremities from cyanosis

Question 16

Erythrocyte Metabolism

Answer 16

ATP neutral glycolysis, 2,3-BPG production

Question 17

Ethosuximide MOA

Answer 17

Blocks T-type calcium channels

Question 18

Daptomycin: Side effects

Answer 18

Myopathy and CPK up

Question 19

Septic Abortion: Presentation and Pathogen

Answer 19

Presentation: Fever, Chills, Lower abdominal pain, bloody/purulent discharge, boggy/tender uterus

Pathogens: GNRs and Staph Aureus

Question 20

Cardiogenic Acute Pulmonary Edema: Histo

Answer 20

Transudate accumulation in lungs (as opposed to infiltrative accumulation)

Question 21

Plasma Cell Neoplasms: Labs and symptoms

Answer 21

High Gamma globulin peak (m-peak)

Impaired hematopoesis (anemia)

Lytic bone lesions (back pains)